英语四级表格和图表题型作文写作策略

-1-表格和图表题型仔细研究题目及信息，看清数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后确定内容层次以及主题句。选取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，根据全文的主旨去组织信息,切忌罗列所有信息。列出各段的主题句。根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句。围绕主题句展开段落，选取能反映主题的最明显的数据作为论据。表格和图表题型写作一般采用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照，则应对时态进行相应的调整。表格和图表题型要使用一些固定句型和表达法。表格和图表题型可以分为表格(table),，曲线图(graph)、柱形图(barchart)和圆形图（piechart）。表格形式要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出变化规律。曲线图形式要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，注意横纵坐标轴的数字及单位，找出明显趋势和极点。柱形图形式通过柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，要注意坐标线的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。圆形图形式掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系表格和图表题型常用句型一般图表作文的第一段：1.描述图表;2.点明图表所要表达的主题或说明的问题，如：Asisshowninthetable(orinthediagram)...droppedfrom...in1994to...in1996.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,...hasgreatlyincreased(ordecreased)inthepast...years(ordecades),reaching...in1996.Fromthetablewecanalsoseethattherehasbeenasharpdecline(orrise)in...Itisclearthat…介绍图表Thischartshowsthat...Itcanbeseenfromthestatistics(chart/diagram/graph/figures)that...Fromthetable(figures/data/results/information),itcanbeseen(concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferred)that…Itisgenerallybelieved(accepted/thought/held)that…Asisshown(described/illustrated/indicated/revealedinthepicture/graph/chart/table),...Accordingtothetable/thefiguresgiveninthetable,…统计数据的表达方法increase/fallslightly/alittle/sharply/dramatically/drasticallyfrom...to...,/rise/decline/jumpfrom…to…remainsteadyat...,peakat...,reachtheclimaxat...,reachthelowat…,accountfor...twice/three...timesasmany/muchas...,onefifth/aquarter/athird/ahalfof...respectively-2-数据变化的表达方法Thenumber/amountof...increased/jumped/rose/decreased/dropped/fell/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steadily/gradually/slowly/slightlyfrom...to...Therewasasudden(rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steady/gradual/slow/slight)increase(jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall)inthenumber/amountof...from...to...Thereisslight(slow/steady/rapid)increase(decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop/rise)indemand(income/population/prices/production)duringtheperiod1900—2000(From1900—2000/Since1900/Foradecade/from1905—2005)beontheincrease(decrease\rise\decline)(...在不断地增加，减少，上升，下降)开头和结尾的常用句型Thetwographsdescribethesamethingseenintwodifferentways.Thefirstdiagramsimplyrecords…Thesecondgraphthrowsanewlighton…Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows:…ThistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparisonbetweenAandB.实例1----2002年6月真题Directions:ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:Averagenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweek02468101214161820199019952000Yearhours1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。ModelCompositionGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinstudentuseofcomputersintheuniversity.Thehoursthestudentspentoncomputersperweekskyrocketedfromabout2in1990to20in2000,morethan9timeshigher.Thisrapidincreaseprovesthatstudentswereinclosercontactwithcomputers.Toaccountforthisphenomenon,peoplehavecomeupwithvariousreasonsaslistedbelow.Inthefirstplace,withthedropinpricesofcomputers,morestudentscouldaffordcomputers,thereforetheycouldspendmuchmoretimewithcomputers.Inthesecondplace,thecomputerswereappliedtowiderandwideruseandstudentshadtotakeadvantageofthismoderninvention.Lastbutnotleast,thedevelopmentofsocietypushedcomputersintomoredormitories.Whateverthereason,therearestillsomeproblemswithstudentuseofcomputers.Tobegin-3-with,manystudentsstillhavenocomputersoftheirown.What’smore,manystudentsusecomputersonlytoplaye-gamesandbrowsepornwebsites,whichcausesharmtotheirmind.(170words)实例2----1991年6月真题ChangesinPeople’sDietFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit&Vegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.DrawyourownconclusionModelCompositionAsisshownintheabovetable,greatchangestookplaceonpeople’sdietfrom1986to1990.Onthewhole,theconsumptionofgraindecreasedyearbyyear,whilethatofsomehigh-energyfood,suchasmilkandmeat,increasedconsistently.Inmyopinion,therearetwomajorreasonsforthechangesinpeople’sdiet.Ononehand,peoplegavetheirattentiontothequalityoftheirdiet.Ontheotherhand,theycouldaffordtobuymoreexpensivefoodwithbetternutritionowingtotheincreaseoftheirincome.Fromtheabove,wecanseethatpeople’slivingstandardimprovedremarkablyinthefiveyearsfrom1986to1990.Andwecanalsoanticipatethattheywilllivemoreandmorecomfortablyandhealthilyinthefuture.(128words)实例3:EmploymentProblemofCollegeGraduatesYear20022003(Estimated)2004(Estimated)NumberofUnemployedGraduates380,000420,000500,000描写2002年到2004年找不到工作的大学毕业生的人数变化；分析原因（高校扩招使毕业生供给大于需求，很多毕业生只愿留在大城市，毕业生的专业不适合社会需要等）给出解决问题的办法。ModelComposition(201words)Asisdemonstratedinthetable,moreandmorecollegegraduatesareoutofajobinour-4-country,whichisaseriousproblemtooureconomicdevelopmentandsocialsecurity.Itisestimatedthatin2004,therewillbe500,000unemployedgraduates,morethan30%higherthanin2002.Thereareseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon.Inthefirstplace,astheenrollmentofcollegestudentshasgrownbymoret