Different-Types-of-Translation-Work-翻译

Chapter1Introduction1.1BriefIntroductionofTranslationAccordingtotheAmericantranslationtheoristEugeneA.Nida’sidea,“translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaning,andsecondintermsofstyle.”TheauthorofPracticalTranslationGuide,FanZhongying'sdefinitionistheprocessoftranslationistheexchangeofideasindifferentlanguages.Translationisabridgeofcommunicationsothatpeoplewhoknowdifferentlanguagescouldchangetheirideasthroughthetextre-expression.Translationis(theoriginallanguage)informationinanotherlanguage(i.e.thetargetlanguage),sothatthereadercangettheideaexpressedbytheoriginalauthorwhichissimilartotheoriginalfeelingofthereader.Mr.FanalsoexplainedthatThisso-called'feeling'isthatafterthemessagerecipientreadorlistenedtheinformation,theyhavereactionintheirminds,includingunderstandingandcognitionoftheconcept,infectionandimpacttheygotthroughinformationTosomeextent,translationisanimpossiblemission,buttranslatorstillhastodoit..Itisalanguageactivity,athinkingactivity,andalsoanactivitywhichusestwokindsoflanguagetoexpressideas.Itinvolvesdifferentlanguages,differentcultures,differentcustomsanddifferentwaysofthinkingandotherissues.Translationisalogicalwayofthinkingofthiskindoflanguagetoanotherone.Moreover,thisprocessmustalsobeplacedintotheexchangeofideasandtranslationhasitsowntheories,methodsandtechniques.Translationusewayswhichiscompletelydifferentfromtheoriginalformtoconveytheoriginalmessage,soitmustbeasaccurateaspossible.Translationisthere-creationwhichcreatestheequivalenceoftheoriginalinformation.However,itonlycanberelativelyequivalent.Translationequivalenceissignificanceequivalence,theinformationequivalenceandcontextequivalenceratherthanthewordsequivalence.Therefore,thetranslationisexplanationinasenseandacleveranalysisoftheoriginalversion.Absolutelyaccurateandcompletetranslationdoesnotexist.Theoutcomeofitisthetranslation.Whetherthereadercangetroughlythesamefeelingastheoriginalfeelingornotisanimportantcriterionformeasuringthequalityoftranslation.Tosumup,translationisakindofsciencewhichisexploringbypeople.Thereasonofplacingitinscienceisthatithasitsowninherentlaws.Itisdescriptiveandcandescribetheproceduresandmethodsobjectively.Italsocouldprovidescientificdescriptionandformulizedit.Translationisanartwhichisverycreative.Theprocessofreproducingthecontentsoftheoriginaltextisare-creationprocess,inwhich,thetranslatorshouldbeinsubmissiontothelimitationsoftheoriginaltextandbefaithfultotheoriginalconditionandusetargetlanguagetore-createtheoriginalimage.Translationcanalsoberecognizedasaskillbecauseitisalwaysinseparablefromthemethodsandtechniquesintermsoftheirspecificoperation.Butgenerallyspeaking,translationisacomprehensivediscipline,becauseitcombineslinguistics,literature,sociology,education,psychology,anthropology,informationtheoryandotherdisciplinesintoamixture.Afterlong-termsocialpractice,ithasalreadyhasitsownindependentsystem,asetofabstracttheories,principlesandspecificmethods.Moreover,aconsiderablepartofthelanguagematerialinthesemethodsisgraduallymodeled.Tobesure,withchangingtimesandscientificdevelopment,translatingasacomprehensivesubjectwillbeperfectedinboththeoryandpractice.1.2TheStudyofTranslation1.3DifferentTypesofTranslationWorkTranslationandtextstylearecloselyrelated.Generallyspeaking,translationissupposedtofollowthematchprinciple.1)ThefundamentalandbasicprincipleofPoliticalreportandScientificarticletranslationisfaithfulness.Scientificpapers,professionalliterature,politicaldiscourseandsoonareregardedasthestyleofPoliticalreportandScientificarticletranslation.PoliticalreportandScientificarticleemphasizeobjectivedescription,inwhichthestructureisverystrictanditconsistsmanylongsentences.Ononehand,sometimesbeforeasubject,therearemanymodifiedrestrictionelementsandthelogicalrelationshipamongthemisveryclose;ontheotherhand,languageofthisstyleispreciseandappropriate.Meanwhile,professionalvocabularyisrichinthisstyle.Therefore,thetranslationofsuchstyleshouldseekfaithfulness.Example1:lackofbalanceunfair(amemberoftheUnitedNationsaccusedofabigcountryfortheMiddleEastinjustice)Analysis:Thespokesmandidnotuse“injustice”or“partiality”,whichshowsthatthememberwantedonlytoblamethatbigcountry,butdidnotwanttooffendtoomuchonitspoliticalattitudes.TheMeaningofthephraseisobscurewithcriticism,butthememberachievedhispurpose.2)Thebasicprincipleofpracticalwritingstyleisexpressiveness”Practicalwritingisaliteraryformusedtocommunicateandexchangeinformation.Itincludesavarietyofpracticalwritingforms,suchasdailycorrespondence,lawdocuments,advertisementandcontracts.Themainpurposeofpracticalwritingistheauthor'sintent,claimsandviewsinthispaper.Itsmainpurposeisthesoulpracticalwriting,whichdeterminesthequality,valueandsocialeffectofthiswritingstyle.Theobviouscharacteristicfeatureofthiswritingstyleispracticability.Therefore,translationofworksofthisstyleissupposedtofollowtheprinciple”expressiveness”.“Expressiveness”meansmeaningisnotincompatiblewiththeoriginalversion,whereas,itisnotconfinedbythe