除草剂阿特拉津-Atrazine-的环境行为综述

5219974ADVANCESINENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.5,No.2Apr.,1997(Atrazine)弓爱君　　叶常明(中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京　100085)(2--4--6--1,3,5,-),,:一、引　言,,:C8H14ClN5,215.69,:,173175,40.00Pa(20),33ppm,,,[1],,,,,,:1971DDT2,4-D[2],1952Geigy,1958,1959[3],,8[4],60%[5]30,3ppb,3ppb[5],[6],[7],二、分析检测,,0.3%1.9%[8](0.1g/L),:;,,[9]7080,(GC),,(AFID)[10,11,12](NPD)[13]Coulson[8,11,14](FID)[8,12,15](ECD)[14,16][17][18][19,20][8,12,21]80,(HPLC)[22,23,24],:[25][26][27][28][29][30,31,32],78%121%,0.005mg/kg,90%[33],,,,AndreasBrecht,0.25ppb[9]M.MinnuniM.MasciniBLACore(Pharmacia),0.05ppb[34]Jean-LucBescomber,4mol/L[35]38:(Atrazine)5三、动力学性质1.,pH:pKa=log[RH+]/[R]+pH,[R][RH+]:pH=pKa,,,[36]:(1):pH,;(2):pH,;(3)pHpKa,,,[37],,[38]2.:D=15.210-8cm2/s,25(D=4.510-8cm2/s,D=2.410-8cm2/s),,pH[39]110-6mmHg(1.3310-3Pa)20,pH,0.310-6mmHg(410-4Pa)20,,(2.8910-7mmHg,25),HenryLaws(2.4810-9atm.m3.mol-1),[40](33g/ml,22)KdKoc(0.192.4625155)[40],,,,,3.300nm260nm(290nm)392:(Atrazine)[40]:pH=7t1/2=335dpH=7t1/2=175hpH=7t1/2=12dpH=7t1/2=5dpH=7t1/2=45d2,2-,,85%95%2-2-[41]4.,24N-,25pH=59,30d[40],25pH=4244d2%1.73d[42][43]pH2.94.56.07.0,5mg/L()34.8174398742d[43]pH,,30,34d15%30%2-[44],,四、生物化学性质1.:(Aspergillusfumigatus),(Aspergillusustus),(Aspergillusflavipes),(Rhizopusstolonifer),(Fusariummoniliforme),(Fusariumroseum),(Fusriumoxysporum),(Penicilliumdecumbens),(Penicilliumjanthinellum),(Pennicilliumluteum)(Tricho-dermaviride)[45],14CO2,2--4--6-2--4--6-,,,40:(Atrazine)5,[46]CO2,28d10%,14CO2[47][40]:t1/2=146dCAt1/2=77dCAt1/2=159dCAt1/2=608dGA7(DEA)(HA)(DIA)(DAC)(DAHA)(DEHA)(DIHA)2.,7h62%,s-(4--6--2-)-L--s-(4--6--2-)-L-[47,48]48h,,23%,77%20d-L--L-,-L-[49]-,,-s-2-2,3--7--1,4--3-[49],,,,,,0.05mg/kg,412:(Atrazine)0.13mg/kg,0.1mg/kg3.ATP,ADP,NADPHNADP,FRS,Chl[50],(),[51][52]CO2[53],(,),,(),,(ATP)NADPHCO2(),,,,42:(Atrazine)5(),[54]4.,,N-14C,72h66%,,14C-,79%N-,2N-,,N-,N--:N-(2--4--6-)N-(2--4--6-)[49],5.,,[6]LD50mg/kgLD50mg/kg30805760(7d)175019560(5d)12.6(48h)32(48h)26(48h)[6]:48h,(Daphniamagia)LC503.6mg/kg0.52mg/L,:(),,,1kg,6.432:(Atrazine)(BCFs)[55],,(logKow=2.68,25),,BCFsBCFs,(mollusks)(leeches)(cladocera)[56,57]五、风险评估1.:(PRZM)(GLEAMS)FIFRARZWQM[58,59,60][61],,19941123,[3],Ciba-GeigyClemson(thepanel)PRZMGLEAMS,PRZMGLWAMS,PRZMGLEAMS,2.[3],,10%,,,,,,0.1ppm,,,,198819921993,10,3000,IlliniosA.L.Rayburn,3ppb48h(),[4]44:(Atrazine)5,,DNA,K.SolomenClemsonGuelpha.,b.,()c.,六、结　论:(1),,(2),()[62],(3),,,(4),,,:,[1](),1994,Of,[2],1983,[],[3]KeithR.Solomon,1996,Environ.Toxicol.Chem.,Vol.15,No.1,pp.31-76[4]AlanNewman,1995,Environ.Sci.Tech.,Vol.29,No.10,p.450A[5]BarryGruessner,1995,Environ.Sci.Tech.,Vol.29,pp.2806-2813[6]PimentelD.,1971,EffectsofPesticidesonNon-targetSpecies,washington,U.S.Gov.Print[7]AlanNewman,1996,Environ.Sci.Tech.,Vol.30,No.3,p.110A[8]FrankR.&SironG.J.,1979,Sci.TotalEnviron.,Vol.12,pp.223-239[9]AndreasBrecht,1995,AnalyticaChimicaActa,Vol.311,pp.289-299[10]TindleR.C.,1968,J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem.,Vol.51,pp.682-688[11]GreenhalghR.,1972,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.70,pp.37-44[12]MatisovaE.,1979,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.173,pp.139-146[13]PoplM.,1983,J.Chromatogr.Sci.,Vol.21,pp.39-42[14]PurkayasthaR.,1973,J.Agric.FoodChem.,Vol.21,pp.93-98[15]LekovaK.,1981,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.212,pp.85-91452:(Atrazine)[16]YongH.Y.,1973,J.Agric.FoodChem.,Vol.21,pp.711-713[17]LeclerqP.A.,1979,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.178,pp.193-207[18]JandaV.,1985,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.329,pp.186-188[19]BaileyR.&LebelG.,1978,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.161,pp.251-257[20]StoksP.G.,1979,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.168,pp.455-460[21]MatisovaE.,1981,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.205,pp.464-469[22]BurrowsE.P.,1984,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.294,pp.494-498[23]DufekP.,1980,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.187,pp.341-349[24]DufekP.,1980,J.Chromatogr.,Vol.191,pp.115-120[25]DasJoyceV.,1995,J.IndianChem.Soc.,Vol.72,No.10,pp.765-766[26]HayesM.C.,1996,J.AOACInt.,Vol.79,No.2,pp.529-537[27]NikolelisD.P.,1996,Electroanalysis,Vol.8,No.7,pp.643-647[28]JhaV.K.,1995,J.NepalChem.Soc.,Vol.14,pp.6-13[29]SchmittPh.,1995,J.Chromatogr.A.,Vol.709,No.1,pp.215-225[30]GruessnerB.,1995,Environ.Sci.Tech.,Vol.29,No.11,pp.2806-2813[31]PapilloudS.,1996,Environ.Sci.Tech.,Vol.30,No.6,pp.1822-1826[32]Caizongwei,1996,J.AOACInt.,Vol.79,No.4,pp.929-935[33],1995,,Vol.13,No.3,pp.170-173[34]M.Minnuni,1993,Anal.Lett.,Vol.26,No.7,pp.1441-1460[35]Jean-LucB.,1995,AnalyticaChimicaActa,Vol.311,pp.255-263[36]R.F.Gould,1972,FateofOrganicpesticidesinAquaticEnvironment,Adv.inChem.S,WashingtonAm.Chem.Soc..[37]TurskiR.,1972,Pol.J.SoilSci.,Vol.4,pp.117-124[38]HurleK.B.,1972,WeedRes.,Vol.12,pp.1-10[39]LavyT.L.,1970,WeedSci.,Vol.18,pp.53-56[40]Ciba-GeigyCorporation,1994,EnvironmentalFateReferenceDataSourceBoodforAtrazine,GreensboroN.C.,U.S.A..[41]PapeB.E.,1972,J.Agric.FoodChem.,Vol.18,pp.202-207[42]LiG.C.,1972,SoilSci.,Vol.114,pp.201-209[43]KhanS.U.,1978,Pestic.Sci.,Vol.9,pp.39-43[44]ObienS.R.,1970,WeedSci.,Vol.20,pp.344-347[45]KaufmanD.D.,1970,SoilBiol.Biolchem.,Vol.2,pp.73-80[46]Menzie,1974,MetabolismofPesticides,BuoreauofFishericsandWildlife,Washington,p.487[47]LamoureuxG.L.,1970,J.Agr.FoodChem.,Vol.18,pp.81-86[48]LamoureuxG.L.,1972,J.Agr.FoodChem.,Vol.20,pp.100-101[49]A.S.Ta