牛津深圳版英语八年级下册Unit1知识点语法精讲精练-学案

Module1SocialcommunicationUnit1Helpingthoseinneed（1）Wordsraisev.筹募，增高，增加permissionn.准许，不可数名词askpermission报请批准disabledadj.丧失能力的ableadj.有能力的beableto=canofferv.主动提出offertodosth.主动提出做某事，seriousadj.严重的–lyadv.organizev.组织organizationn.lonelyadj.孤独的alonedifficultyn.困难difficultadj.困难的hurtv.伤害hurtoneself伤了自己(hurt,hurt)payv.付费payfor与takecostspend的区别（2）Phrasesinneed需要帮助的voluntarywork义务工作askpermission报请批准sufferfrom因…受苦raiseone’sspirits使振奋=cheerupinorderto目的在于sothat为的是与so…that的区别makefriendswith…与…交朋友lookafter=takecareof=carefor照顾becauseof因为与because的区别talkto/with/about谈论teachsb.todosth.交某人做某事offertodosth主动提出做某事takephotosof照相helpsb.do/withsth.帮助某人做某事continuetodosth.继续做某事needtodosth.需要做某事ingoodhealth身体健康beafraidof+n./pron/doing害怕…enjoyoneself/doing玩的愉快/喜欢做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事（3）Sentences1ImetagirlcalledCindy.我遇见一个叫森迪的女孩。过去分词作后置定语called=named2Wetaughtthemtotellstories.我们教他们讲故事。telltalkspeaksay的区别tell“告诉，讲述”，把某事/信息传达给别人tellstoriestellalietalk“交谈，讲话”，talkto/withsb.talkaboutsth.speak“说，发言”，+语言say“说”，强调说话的内容。3WespenttimewithagirlcalledVivien.我们和一个叫薇薇安的女孩共度时光。spend“花费”主语（人）+spend(s)+money/time+（in）doingsth./on+n.4Itaughtthemtosingbecausemusiccanbringthenjoyandpeace.我教他们唱歌是因为音乐可以给他们带来快乐和宁静。teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事bringtakegetcarry的区别bring“带来”+双宾语-》来Remembertobringmethepictures.take“带到，去”去-》Iwon’ttakeyouhere.get去某处将某人/物带到说话人处Pleasegetsomepaperforme.carry强调负重或搬运Hecarriedababyonhisback.5Oneofthemhaddifficultywalking.其中有一位病人行走困难。Oneof+可数名词复数/代词复数谓语动词用单数Oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词“最…之一”6Heusedtolovesportuntilhehurthislegsinanaccident.他过去热爱运动，直到他在一起事故中双腿受伤。until“直到…才”auntil与延续性动词连用时，动词用肯定形式。e.g.Wewalkeduntilitgotdark.buntil与非延续性动词连用时，动词用否定形式。e.g.Thelittlegirldidn’tstopcryinguntilshesawhermother.(4)Grammar动词不定式结构：to+动词原形（有时to可省略）用法：1作宾语（作及物动词的宾语，不作介词宾语）Remembertoposttheletter.2作宾补放在宾语后，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。ask,tell,like,love,hate,wouldlike,teach,want,etc.e.g.Thedoctorwantedhimtohaveagoodrest.3作目的状语常用逗号与句子隔开，在末尾时，则不用。e.g.Togetthereontime,wesetoutatfiveinthemorning.Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.(5)Practicemillionsof…数百万的beunableto…不能beableto…能=cansincethen从那时以来closeto…靠近inorderto…为了inhospital生病住院inthehospital在医院(6)Exercise用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1Iplan____________(go)toCanadathissummer.2Didtheyenjoy__________(them)inthepark?3Hedecided_________(live)inanothercity.4Ittookustwohours_________(get)toBeijingbytrain.5Arestaurantneedslotsofwaterfor_________(wash)thedishes.6Whatdoweuse___________(clean)toilets?7Myfatheristootired.Heneeds__________(rest).8Thankyoufor___________(look)aftermysister.9Don’tforget___________(close)thewindowwhenyouleave.10Itisverybad___________(pollute)thegroundwater.11Theyofferedto__________(help)thoseinneed.12Heis___________(disabled)toswimintheriver.13Jackwas__________(serious)hurtintheaccident.14Tomdidn’tcometoschooltodaybecausehewas___________(illness).15Ilike_____________(organize)parties.Itisveryinteresting.16Shefellontothegroundandfeltvery__________(pain).17Lastnight,myparentswentout.SoIwatchedTV___________(lonely).18MissWhitehasnofriends,sosheoftenfeels___________(lonely).19Thenewneighbourisvery____________(friendship).20Thisbookisvery_____________(difficulty)forme.Unit1Helpingthoseinneed一．重点词汇详解：★1.Helpingthoseinneed.inneed:意为“有困难的”常位于名词后作后置定语inneedof…需要什么例：Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情！Thebuildingsisinneedofpainting.这座建筑需要粉涮。★2.Couldyougivemeahand?Hereyouare!givesbahand:=帮助某人★3.toaskpermissiontoraisemoney（1）permissionn.=agreement准许；批准askpermission(todosth)报请批准permitv.---过去式：---过去分词：permitsb.todosth.=.允许某人做某事（2）raisev.筹集；提升；增加=moveithigher第三人称单数：过去式：过去分词：现在分词：搭配：raiseone’svoice提高嗓门；raiseafamily养家糊口；raisemoney筹款；raiseprice提高价格；raiseone’sspirits打起精神raise=keep有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：raisechildren（抚养孩子）▲辨析：raise,rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。例如：Thesunrisesandbathestheearth.太阳升起，普照大地。Ifyouwanttoaskquestion,pleaseraiseyourhand.如果你想问问题，请举手！★4.Threeteenagersofferedtodosomevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.（1）teenagers：n青少年在口语中常用teen来表示“青少年”（2）offer：v.=bewillingtodosomething主动提出offertodosth.主动提出Peterofferedtoteachthemwater-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水。▲辨析：provide,offer,give的区别：1).provide仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.的固定搭配中。2).offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.固定搭配中。例如：offersb.主动提出帮助某人；offersb.agoodsalary给某人一个好工资。3).give意为“给”常用于givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物（3）voluntary：adj.自愿的，自发的；无偿的；adv：自愿地自愿者练习：1.Schoolsneed__________tohelpchildrentoread.学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。2.Inhersparetimeshedoes_________work.她在业余时间做义工。★5.Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillnesses.（1）suffer：v（因疾病等）受苦，受折磨Shesufferedgreatlyasachild.她童年深受苦难。sufferfrom因……而痛苦,指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。1).sufferfrom+疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减退等），表示患病、为…受苦。Shesuffersfromheadache.她患头痛病。2).sufferfrom+自然灾害Chinasufferedfrombadfloodsin2013.2013年中国遭受严重的水灾（2）serious：adj严重的=badanddangerousadv.serious还有以下意思：1).认真的：Heisaseriousstudentandworksveryhard.他是一个认真的学生，学习非常努力。2).严肃的：Beserious!Don’tmakefunofme.严肃点！别拿我开玩笑！（3）illnessn.（某种）病=inbadhealthill(adj.)生病的;坏的注意：当illness表示某种具体的疾病时，是可数名词，但当表示“疾病，生病期间”是不可数名词。fallill病倒了feelill感觉不舒服、生病