nt1301017-唐庆刚-养分管理对七星农场水稻产品质的影响-24

学校代码：10223分类号:学号：密级:专业学位硕士论文养分管理对七星农场水稻产量品质的影响研究生：唐庆刚指导教师：郑桂萍教授第二导师：那永光研究员类别(领域)：农业推广（作物）培养方式：非全日制培养学院：农学院中国·大庆2016.10独创性声明本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得黑龙江八一农垦大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。研究生签名：日期：年月日关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解黑龙江八一农垦大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。同意黑龙江八一农垦大学可以用不同方式在不同刊物上发表，传播学位论文的全部或部分内容。(保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此协议)研究生签名：导师签名：日期：年月日日期：年月日I摘要建三江水稻面积1000多万亩，占垦区水稻面积2350万亩的42.6%，占全省水稻面积的六分之一，其水稻品质的优劣、产量的高低直接影响到垦区及全省的水稻现状。本研究于2014年开展，以建三江七星农场为研究区域，探讨龙庆稻3号和三江6号不同养分管理下产量品质的差异及机理。试验采用随机区组设计，进行化肥+生物有机肥、减氮+生物有机肥、减氮+生物有机肥+硅、减氮+生物有机肥+锌的效果研究。主要研究结果如下：1.两品种高产栽培模式为常规施肥+归复记生物有机肥300kg/hm2,能够显著提高分蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部生物量以及吸氮量、公顷穗数与穗粒数，最终使两品种产量分别提高15.0%与9.2%。增施归复记生物有机肥300kg/hm2+减氮20%处理两水稻品种的分蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部生物量以及吸氮量均与常规施肥无明显差异，产量与产量构成因子也均无明显差异，而水稻株高显著下降、抗病性显著升高、氮素偏生产力显著提高。2.增施生物有机肥下稻米的品质与常规施肥处理并没有显著差异。减少氮肥20%有提高水稻品质的趋势，两品种水稻优质栽培模式为减氮20%+增施归复记生物有机肥300kg/hm2+基施锌肥5kg/hm2处理与减氮20%+增施归复记生物有机肥300kg/hm2+喷施硅肥1.2L/hm2。3.基施锌肥能够显著地提高茎蘖数、提高叶面积指数、地上部生物量及吸氮量、提高了水稻褐变穗的抗病性，最终增加了公顷穗数，龙庆稻3号和三江6号分别增产7.0%和3.4%；增施锌肥后稻米的精米率和整精米率均显著提高，降低了垩白度，不仅提高了直链淀粉含量，也降低了蛋白质含量，大大改善了稻米的品质。4.叶面喷施有机硅肥能够显著地降低两品种水稻株高、褐变穗的发病率与病情指数。叶面喷施有机硅处理水稻的叶面积指数、地上部生物量与吸氮量以及公顷穗数有增高趋势，但差异不显著，最终也没有显著增产。喷施硅肥后龙庆稻3号提高了整精米率、降低了垩白率，三江6号也表现类似趋势。直链淀粉分别提高了3.9%与6.9%，蛋白质分别降低了2.6%与5.4%。关键词：七星农场；生物有机肥；硅；锌；水稻品质IIAbstractHighyieldandgoodqualityofriceincoldareaarenotonlyinfluencedbygeneticfactors,butalsobytheenvironmentandthecultivationtechniqueduringthericegrowth.Soitistheresultofgeneticandenvironmentalinteractions.TheareaofricegrowthinJiansanjiangismorethan10millionmu,whichisaccountingfor42.6%offarmingareasofHeilongjiangProvinceand16.7%ofricegrowingareainHeilongjiangProvince.TheyieldandqualityofriceinJiansanjiangareveryimportantforricegrowinginHeilongjiangProvince.Therefore,thestudyforeffectsofdifferentnutrientmanagementonriceyieldandqualityinQixingfarmisneeded.Inthisstudy,weconductedfieldplotexperimentsintheresearchanddevelopmentcenterofQixingfarmin2014andLongqingdao3andSanjiang6usedasthestudyricevarieties.The5differentnutrientmanagementtreatmentsweresetup.Theresultswereasfollows:Twovarietiesofhighyieldcultivationmodelwasconventionalfertilizationandincreasingbiologicalorganicfertilizertreatment.Twovarietiesofriceinincreasedbiologicalorganicfertilizertreatmentcansignificantlyimprovethetilleringnumber,leafareaindex,abovegroundbiomassandnitrogenuptake,andthepaniclenumberperhectareandgrainnumberperspikeofbotnricevarieties.Eventuallyyieldandpartialfactorproductivityfornitrogen(PFP-N)weresignificantlyincreased.Moreover,IncreasebiologicalorganicfertilizeranddecreasedNtreatmentwasnodifferencewithconventionalfertilizationtreatmentforriceyield,butthePFP-Nwassignificantlyincreasedanddiseaseresistancewerealsosignificantlyimproved.Inaddition,thequalityofthericeunderincreasingbiologicalorganicfertilizertreatmenthadnosignificantdifferencefromthecontrol.Reductionoffertilizernitrogen20%hadatendencytoimprovericequalityofbothvarietiesofrice,cultivationmodeofhighqualitytoreducenitrogen20%+increased300kg/hm2adapttoGuifujibiologicalorganicfertilizerrates+basezincfertilizer5kg/hm2processingandreducenitrogen20%+increased300kg/hm2adapttorememberbiologicalorganicfertilizerrates+sprayingsiliconfertilizer1.2L/hm2.Increasingzinc(Zn)fertilizertreatmentcouldsignificantlyincreasethestemtilleringnumber,leafareaindex,abovegroundbiomassandnitrogenuptake.Eventuallythepaniclenumberperhectarewasfinallysignificantlyhigher.Riceyieldforbothvarietieshadincreasedtrend,butnosignificantly.Inaddition,increasingZnfertilizertreatmentcansignificantlyimprovethequalityofricefortwovarieties.Sprayingontheleafoforganicsiliconfertilizercansignificantlyreducethetwovarietiesofriceplantheight,Browningincidenceanddiseaseindex.Riceleafareaindex,abovegroundbiomassandnitrogenuptakeandhapanicles,sprayingontheleaforganicsiliconprocessingrelativetonotsprayingprocesshasincreasedtrend,butthedifferencewasnotsignificant,eventuallydidnotincreasesignificantly.Andsprayingsiliconfertilizercansignificantlyimprovethequalityofpaddyrice,andaftersprayingsiliconfertilizerLongqingdao3improvesthewholepolishedricerateincreaseandreducedtherateofchalkwhite,Sanjiang6showsasimilartrend.Inaddition,twokindsofnutritionalqualityalsoincreasedsignificantly.Amyloseincreasedby3.9%and6.9%respectively,theproteinwasreducedby2.6%and5.4%respectively.Keywords:QixingFarm，Organicfertilizer，Silicon;Zinc，Ricegrowing，YieldandqualityIII目录摘要..............................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................II第一章文献综述...........................................................................................................................11.1研究目的与意义...................................................................................................................11.2国内外研究