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TeachingBPDebateinChineseChinaDebateEducationNetwork——ChallengeandMethod中文BP辩论教学——挑战与方法ZengQingxi2012.9FocusforthisPresentationPartIComparison:TypicalChineseDebate&BP(典型中文辩论与英国议会制辩论的比较)PartIIHowtoteachBPDebateintheChinesecontext(如何在中文语境下教授英国议会制辩论)Comparison:TypicalChineseDebate&BPWhatistheTCD*(典型中文辩论是什么)WhatisthemajordifferencebetweenTCD&BP(两者的主要区别是什么)Howthedifferenceaffect(这种区别会造成什么影响)*ThereisnoofficialorunifiednameoftheChinesedebateformatwefrequentlyused.Sothename“TCD”maynotberecognizedbyotherChinesedebatepeople.我们常用的中文辩论赛制尚无官方的或统一的名称。所以其他中文辩论人士对“TCD”这个名称或许会感到陌生。TCDHistoryOriginatedinSingapore1970S(20世纪70年代起源于新加坡)CCTVandSingaporemediajointlyheldannualinternationaltournamentfrom1980S(80年代起央视与新加坡电视传媒联合举办年度性国际赛事)OfficialplatformforpromotingChineselanguageinternationalin1980&1990S(八九十年代中国将其作为推进汉语国际化的重要载体)Crisis,changeandreforminlastdecade(近十年来出现问题、转向和变革)TCD:DebaterandTeam正方Proposition反方Opposition正方一辩Proposition1st反方一辩Opposition1st正方二辩Proposition2nd反方二辩Opposition2nd正方三辩Proposition3rd反方三辩Opposition3rd正方四辩Proposition4th反方四辩Opposition4thOnesideoneteamfourdebatersTCD:TimeorderTCD衍生出很多种赛制,以下为常见的(ThemostwidelyusedTCDtimeorder)开篇陈词Openingspeech正方一辩3分钟Proposition1st3min反方一辩3分钟Opposition1st3min对话Dialogue正方二辩和反方二辩进行一对一对话各两分钟DialoguebetweenProposition2ndandOpposition2nd2mintotalforeachdebater盘问Cross-examine正方三辩向反方一、二、四辩进行盘问一分半Proposition3rdcross-examineOpposition1st2ndand4th1.5min反方三辩向正方一、二、四辩进行盘问一分半Opposition3rdcross-examineProposition1st2ndand4th1.5min小结Halftimesummaryspeech正方三辩2分钟Proposition3rd2min反方三辩2分钟Opposition3rd2min自由辩论FreeDebate双方各总计时4分钟4mintotalforeachside总结陈词Closingspeech反方四辩4分钟Opposition4th4min正方四辩4分钟Proposition4th4minTCD:DebateTopic辩题Mosttopicsissentencesfromancientbooks,famousremarkandclassicdiscussion.(常源于古籍、名言和经典论题)Mosttopicsisaboutphilosophyorsocialsciences.Therearemorepracticalandpolicytopicsnow.(多为哲学和社会科学理论命题,近年来现实和政策命题逐渐增多)Example:Adequateclothingandfoodis/isnotthepreconditionofmoral.(举例:温饱是/不是谈道德的前提条件)TCD:TypicalMethods常见辩论方法Interpretationofthetopic(阐释涵义)Quotefromtheclassicstoproveapoint(引经据典)Factualevidence(事例证据)Lotsofrhetoric(语言修辞)Sensationalspeechandtheatrics(煽情效果)Majordifferenceanditsinfluence主要区别及其影响ITCDBPOneTeamOneSide(同在一方同为一队)TwoTeamsOneSide(一方两队分上下院)Makesureyourstudentsunderstand:1.UpperHouseandLowerHousewhichisinthesamesidedonotonlycooperatebutalsocompete.(同在一方的上下两院不仅是合作关系更是竞争关系)2.LowerHouseshouldpersuadethattheyareloyaltytotheirUpperHousebutbetterthantheUpperHouse.(下院队要劝说观众自己与上院在同一战线但是比上院队更好)Majordifferenceanditsinfluence主要区别及其影响IITCDBPDebaterisnamedbyorder(辩手按顺序命名)Debaterisnamedbyrole(辩手按角色命名)Makesureyourstudentsunderstand:1.Eachdebaterhasaparticularroleandtheparticulardutyofthisrole.(每位辩手都有一个特定的角色和角色所对应的责任)2.Consideringthedutyaccomplishedistheimportantpartofjudging.(考虑责任的完成情况是裁判中的重要部分)Thecriticaldifference最关键的区别IIIYoushould:Encourageyourstudentstousethepolicydebate.Helpthemtopracticeit.(鼓励你的学生使用政策式辩论,帮助他们练习)TCDThesentenceofDebateTopicistheonlycoreofthedebate.Youcannotprovethesentencebyconstructingamodelwhichcontainsspecificdetailssuchastime,placeandpolicymeasures.Youshouldinterpretandprovetheexactsentenceitself.Inotherwords,basicallynopolicydebate*,onlyprinciple.(辩题句子本身是辩论的唯一核心。不能通过建构一个包含时间地点政策手段等细节的具体化模型来论证辩题,应该解释和论证辩题原句本身。换言之,基本上没有政策式辩论,只有原则式辩论)BPBothpolicyandprincipleisOK.Youcanprovethetopicbyconstructingamodel.(政策辩论和原则辩论都是可行的。可以通过建构一个模型来论证辩题)*AlthoughtherearemoreandmoreTCDdebatetopicaboutpolicynow,butstillyoucannotnarrowdownthetopicbyconstructingamodel.虽然现在有越来越多的政策性辩题,但通过建立具体模型来窄化辩题的做法依然是不允许的。OtherdifferencesTCDBPNoPOI(没有POI)POI(有POI)Anyonecanchallengethedefinitionanytimeinthedebate.(任何辩手可以在任何辩论阶段挑战对方定义)OnlytheLeaderoftheOppositionmaychallengethedefinitioninhis/herspeech.(仅反对党领袖可以在他/她的发言时间里挑战定义)SensationalspeechisconsideredtobeimportantinusuallyinClosingspeech.(煽情在结辩陈词中常被认为是很重要的)Sensationalspeechisnotnecessarilyinanyspeech.(煽情在任何陈词中都不是必须的)············HowtoteachBPDebateintheChinesecontext如何在中文语境下教授英国议会制辩论Encouragethestudents*toutilizetheadvantagestheyhavelearnedinChineselanguage.(鼓励学生运用中文语言能力之所长)HelpthemtomasterBPFormatbetter.(帮助学生更好地把握BP制的特点)*Non-EnglishmajorstudentswhichwilldebateBPinmandarin.SomeofthemmayhavealreadybeenTCDdebater.本文所称学生指非英语专业的参加中文BP辩论的学生。他们中的一些人或许已是华语辩论辩手。EncouragethestudentstoutilizetheadvantagestheyhavelearnedinChineselanguage鼓励学生运用中文语言能力之所长Theymayhavelearned他们或许学过:Basiclawsofformallogic(形式逻辑基本原理)Publicspeakingskills(公共演讲技巧)Evidence&Academicknowledge(证据与知识储备)Writing&Rhetoric(写作与修辞)HelpthemtomasterBPFormatbetter帮助学生更好地把握BP制的特点Payattentiontothedifference.(注意两种辩论的差别)Ifyoucan’texplainitinChinese,trydemonstration.(无法用中文解释则尝试演示)Ifit’spossible,putEnglishdebatersandMandarindebaterspracticetogether.(如果可能,让中英文辩手一起练习)Practicemakesperfect(熟能生巧)Thankyou!谢谢!
本文标题:中文语境下的BP辩论教学
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