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中考语法专题二名词第二部分语法复习考点一:可数名词和不可数名词可数名词(如:ball,girl,mother,book,dog,flower,bag…)名词不可数名词★:weather,money,fun,paper,news,information,knowledge,advice,music,rice,bread,traffic,work,homework,housework,air,time,furniture,chalk,液体,肉类water,milk,meat,beef,mutton…考点一:可数名词和不可数名词可数不可数可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃paper试卷;论文纸room房间空间chicken鸡鸡肉fish鱼;鱼的种类鱼肉orange橙子橙汁beauty美丽美人life生命;生活生命iron熨斗铁light灯光experience经历经验exercise练习运动锻炼1.注意既可以做可数名词也可做不可数名词考点一:可数名词和不可数名词不可数复数形式work工作works作品good好处goods货物cloth布clothes衣服time时间times时代;倍数good木头woods树林glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯;眼镜2.有些不可数名词的复数形式意义不同。3.不可数名词还常用“数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。apieceofnews一条新闻threebottlesofwater三瓶水考点自测一1.两条信息__________________两首音乐_______________两条建议_________________两张纸_________________2.(1)---Willyoupleasemake________(room)forthewomanwithalittlebaby?---Sure.Takemyseat,please.(2)Youcangetmore_________(information)abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.(3)Myunclegavemesome____________(pieceofadvice)onhowtomakefulluseoftheInternet.(4)Lucyboughttwo_______________(bottleofmilk)yesterday.twopiecesofinformationtwopiecesofmusictwopiecesofadvicetwopiecesofpaperinformationroompiecesofadvicebottlesofmilk考点二:可数名词的复数情况构成方法例词一般情况加-sbook—books;bag—bags以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-esbus—buses;box—boxeswish-wisheswatch—watches以辅音字母加y结尾将y变为i再加escountry—countriesstudy—studiescity—cities以元音字母加y结尾只加-stoy—toys;day--days考点二:可数名词的复数情况构成方法例词以o结尾(有生命的)加-eshero—heroes;potato—potatoestomato—tomatoes;Negro--Negroes(无生命的)加-sradio—radio;photo—photospiano--pianos以f或fe结尾将f或fe变v再加-eswife—wives;thief—thievesshelf—shelves;knife—kniveshalf—halves;leaf—leaveswolf—wolves;life--lives加-sroof—roofs;proof--proofs★注意:month—monthsmouth—mouths考点二:可数名词的复数单数复数单数复数childchildrenfootfeetmanmentoothteethwomanwomenmousemice1.名词复数的不规则变化(1)单复数同形单数复数单数复数sheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanesefish(鱼的条数)fish考点二:可数名词的复数单数复数单数复数ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericansAustralianAustralians(2)某国人变复数的口决:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。★注意:German—GermansRoman—RomansEgyptian—Egyptianshuman—humans考点二:可数名词的复数(3)集体名词的单复数随句子意义而定。There'sroomforafamilyoffive...那儿能住下五口之家。Hisfamilyarecompletelybehindhim,whateverhedecides...他无论作出什么决定,家人都全力支持。(4)表示由两部分构成的东西,如glasses(眼镜),trousers,shorts短裤,scissors剪刀,clothes衣服等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双),suit(套)等。如:apairofglasses,twopairsoftrousers考点二:可数名词的复数2.名词做定语(1)名词作定语修饰复数名词的时候,前面的名词不能改成复数aboystudent—fiveboystudentsashoeshop—severalshoeshops(2)由man和woman构成的复合名词,变复数时要把名词和man/woman同时变为复数。awomandoctor—somewomendoctorsamanlawyer--twomenlawyers考点自测二1.一条裤子_____________一双袜子________________一双鞋_________________一副眼镜________________2.(1)---Howmany_________(sheep)canyouseeinthepicture?---Onlyone.(2)Ilike_________(fish)alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.(3)Thistableismadeof_________(glass).(4)Hefoundtwo__________(photo)intheroom(5)Therearemany____________(womanteacher)inourschoolapairoftrousersapairofsocksapairofshoesapairofglassessheepwomenteachersglassphotosfish考点三:专有名词(词首字母要大写)人名、尊称和头衔Einstein;PresidentObama;DoctorLin;Mr.Brown洲名Asian;Europe;Africa;Antarctica;国名Egypt;Austria;Australia城市名London;Sydney;Tokyo;Paris;Seoul海洋、河流、湖泊thePacific;theAtlantic;Nile;Thames;LakeBaikal月份和星期January;February;Monday;Tuesday;Wednesday单位、机构、组织Class4Grade1;theParty事件theSecondWorldWar;theOlympics考点四:所有格情况所有格形式示例单数名词加’stheoldwoman’sdaughterMother’sDay母亲节以s结尾的复数名词加’Teachers’Day教师节不以s结尾的复数名词加’sChildren’sDay儿童节Women’sDay妇女节表示两人共有AandB’sTomandToney’smother表示各自所有A’sandB’sTom’sandToney’smothers时间、距离或度量衡单位名词单数加’s复数加’today’shomework今天的家庭作业tendays’holiday十天的假期(1)’s所有格考点四:所有格(1)’s所有格★注意:表示某人的家或店铺或教堂的名字时,名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。如:atLily’s在Lily家atthedoctor’s在医务室atthebarber’s在理发店(2)of表示所有格主要用于无生命名词的所有关系常用“名词+of+名词”来表示。thenameofthefilm电影的名字thecoverofthebook书的封面考点四:所有格(3)双重所有格“名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”构成双重所有格afriendofmine我的一个朋友afriendofJane’s简的一个朋友(4)★注意:theanswertothequestion问题的答案thekeytothedoor门的钥匙thewaytothecinema去电影院的路考点自测三1.一张中国地图____________生活费用______________步行15分的路程__________walk=a___________walk三天的假期____________holiday=____________holiday2.(1)Tomisasonof_________(myaunt)(2)--Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?--I’vebeento_________(Henry).(3)______________(TimandPeter)mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.fiveminutes’five-minutethecostoflivingamapofChinathreedays’athree-dayTim’sandPeter’stheHenry’smyaunt’s考点五:数词+名词+形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式,必须用单数形式。aneight-year-oldboy一个8岁的男孩a100-metrerace一场100米赛跑考点六:常考名词辨析易混单词辨析示例workjobwork是不可数名词,泛指劳动Ihavemuchworktodo.我有很多的工作要做。job指具体的某种工作Lindawantstofindagoodjob.林达想找份好工作。cookcookercookv.煮饭n.厨师Heisgoodatcooking.Hisdreamistobeagoodcook.他擅长与煮饭,他的梦想是成为一个优秀的厨师。cookern.厨具Thecookerwaselectric.炊具是电的。考点六:常考名词辨析易混单词辨析示例soundvoicenoisesoundn.声音的总称Tooloudsoundisbadforyourears.过响的声音会损伤你的听力。voicen.人的嗓音“Thepolicearehere”,shesaidinalowvoice.“警察在这儿。”她低声说到。noisen.噪音Don’tmakeanynoise.别发出噪音。
本文标题:牛津译林版中考英语-语法专题二-名词复习课件
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