超声变幅杆的设计

本科毕业论文(2015届)题目超声变幅杆及其性能参数测试平台设计学院机械工程学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化班级学号学生姓名指导教师完成日期2015年5月诚信承诺我谨在此承诺：本人所写的毕业论文《超声变幅杆及其性能参数测试平台设计》均系本人独立完成，没有抄袭行为，凡涉及其他作者的观点和材料，均作了注释，若有不实，后果由本人承担。承诺人(签名)：年月日摘要本文从已知的变幅杆大小端直径、工作频率和材料出发，对超声加工系统中的变幅杆进行了研究。本文主要包括以下研究内容：1.根据已有的变幅杆大小端直径，通过波动方程理论，完成对阶梯型、指数形、圆锥形三种变幅杆的外形设计计算。2.利用有限元方法，借助有限元软件ANSYS对设计出的三种变幅杆进行动力学分析。先在SolidWorks中建立三种变幅杆的三维模型，再导入ANSYS中进行模态分析和谐响应分析。模态分析是指在规定超声波发生器所产生的振动的频率范围内，测定出变幅杆的各个固有频率。谐响应分析是指确定变幅杆的一个固有频率，并在变幅杆的一个固定断面施加一个正弦规律的振动，再测定变幅杆的自由端的振动变化。通过比较自由端和固定端的振幅大小变化，求出所设计的变幅杆的振幅放大比。3.搭建实验测定平台。搭建了单独测定变幅杆放大系数的实验平台，还搭建了测定超声振动系统性能的实验平台，并对已有的变幅杆加以实验测定。通过阻抗分析仪、激光位移传感器等得到谐振频率、放大系数的实际测量数据，并判定了已有的超声振动系统的性能。关键词：超声变幅杆；有限元；模态分析；谐响应分析；实验平台ABSTRACTStartingfromtheknowndiametersofbothendsofultrasonichorn,theworkingfrequencyandthematerial,thehornwiththeultrasonicprocessingsystemwerestudied.Thispapermainlyincludesthefollowingcontents:1.Accordingtothediametersofbothendsofultrasonic,andbythetheoryofwaveequation,completethesizecalculationoftapered,exponentialandsteppedultrasonichorn.2.Usingthefiniteelementmethod,completethedynamicsanalysisofthreehornbythefiniteelementsoftwareANSYS.First,weshouldsetup3DmodelsofthreehorninSolidWorks,andthenimport3DmodelstoANSYSformodalanalysisandharmonicresponseanalysis.Modalanalysisisinaccordancewiththeultrasonicgeneratorvibrationfrequencyrangeanddetermineeachnaturalfrequencyofthehorn.Harmonicresponseanalysisisinthedeterminednaturalfrequencyofahorn,andthehornofafixedsectionappliedasinusoidalvibration,todeterminethevibrationchangeofthefreeendofthehorn.Bycomparingtheamplitudechangeofthefreeendandthefixedtogettheamplificationratioofthedesignedhorn.3.Setuptheexperimentaltestplatform.Theexperimentalplatformofmeasuringtheamplificationcoefficientofvariableamplituderodisestablished,andthentheexperimentalplatformofmeasuringtheultrasonicvibrationsystemperformanceisestablished,andtheexistingvariableamplituderodwasmeasuredexperimentally.Theactualmeasurementdataoftheresonantfrequencyandtheamplificationcoefficientareobtainedbytheimpedanceanalyzerandlaserdisplacementsensor,andtheperformanceoftheultrasonicvibrationsystemisdetermined.Keywords:ultrasonichorn；finiteelement；modalanalysis；harmonicresponseanalysis；experimentalplatform目录第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................11.1引言.....................................................................................................................11.2国内外研究发展历程.........................................................................................1第二章超声波加工概述.................................................................................................42.1超声波的特点.....................................................................................................42.2超声加工的基本原理.........................................................................................52.3超声加工的特点..................................................................................................7第三章变幅杆的设计.....................................................................................................83.1变幅杆设计理论.................................................................................................83.1.1变幅杆设计概述.......................................................................................83.1.2变截面纵振动的波动方程.......................................................................83.2指数形变幅杆的理论计算...............................................................................103.2.1指数形变幅杆频率方程和谐振长度.....................................................113.2.2指数形变幅杆的位移节点0x................................................................113.2.3指数形变幅杆的放大系数pM..............................................................123.2.4指数形变幅杆的计算.............................................................................123.3圆锥形变幅杆的理论计算...............................................................................123.3.1圆锥形变幅杆的频率方程和谐振长度.................................................133.3.2圆锥形变幅杆的位移节点0x................................................................143.3.3圆锥形变幅杆的放大系数pM..............................................................143.3.4圆锥形变幅杆的计算.............................................................................143.4阶梯形变幅杆的理论计算...............................................................................143.4.1阶梯形变幅杆的位移节点0x................................................................153.4.2阶梯形变幅杆的放大系数pM..............................................................163.4.3阶梯形变幅杆的计算.............................................................................16第四章运用ANSYS对变幅杆的动力学分析............................................................174.1有限元方法简介...............................................................................................174.2有限元方法动力学分析的理论基础...............................................................184.2.1模态分析的力学基础.............................................................................184.2.2谐响应分析的力学基础.......................................