2018届高三英语译林版(江苏专用)一轮复习第2部分专题4名词性从句

上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习专题四名词性从句上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习1．that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveenoughmoney.Thereportthattherewillbeaseverestorminthenorthernareaisfalse.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。Hejudgedthat，becausehewasachild，hedidnotunderstandwine.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，都要充当一定的句子成分，常表示“(某人/物)……的”。It'sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.IwilldowhatIcan(do)tohelphim.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)。ThehopetheyexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2．whether和if的用法。(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是在介词后一般用whether。Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.(2)后面直接跟ornot时用whether。Ididn'tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。Thankyou，butwhetherI'llbefreeI'mnotsureatthemoment.(7)whether可引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。Whetherhecomesornot，wewillbeginourpartyontime.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3．疑问词＋­ever和nomatter＋疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词＋­ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.(2)疑问词＋­ever还可引导让步状语从句。Whoeverbreakstherule，hemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo，youmustdoitwell.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)nomatter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo，youmustputyourheartintoit.Nomatterwhocomeslate，hemustbepunished.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4．when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.(同位语从句)Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.(定语从句)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆主语从句的考查要点1．主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.→Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习常见的it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity，ashame，goodnews，afact，anhonour，awonder，nowonder等)＋that从句It'snowonderthatyou'veachievedsomuchsuccess.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well­known，announced等)＋that从句Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.注意：(1)在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练1】用适当的连接词填空1．WhatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.2．Itisobviousthatyou'vemadeabigmistake.3．Itwasneverclearthatthemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.4．Whyhedidthatwasn'tquiteclear.5．Itisstillunderdiscussionwhetherornottheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotel.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆宾语从句的考查要点1．动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。Weallexpectthattheywillwin，formembersoftheirteamarestronger.Idon'tthinkyouareright.Idon'tsupposehecares，doeshe?上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，seeto等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2．一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。Wecouldseethetemplequiteclearlyfromwherewelived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Yourcompositionisquitegoodexceptthattheorganizationisabitloose.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。I'msurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练2】用适当的连接词填空1．Theshockingnewsma