unit-9-What-makes-a-leader

Unit9Whatmakesaleader?•Asenseofhumorispartoftheartofleadership,ofgettingalongwithpeople,ofgettingthingsdone.•——DwightD.Eisenhower•Discussion•Ifyouareelectedthechairpersonofyourcountry,whatisthefirstthingyouaregoingtodo?Whyisitimportant?•1.Whenyouselectapersontobeyourleaderatsomelevel,say,chairmanoftheStudents'Union,editorofthecollegetabloid,whatsortofpersondoyouthinkhe/sheoughttobe?•2.Haveyoueverhadthewishtobealeaderofsomekind?Doyoubelieveyouhavethequalitiesrequiredandthusyouwillturnouttobeacompetentleader?•IllustrationwithExamples•Anobviousfeatureofthetextistheabundantuseofexamplestoillustratethetopicsentenceorcentralideaofaparagraph.•EvidencefromText•Para.2•Centralidea:Leadershipisasmuchaquestionoftimingasanythingelse.•Illustrations:ThreegreatstatesmenChurchill,RooseveltandLeninatthetimewhentheirrolewascalledfor.•Para.3•Topicsentence:Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.•Illustrations:Thebriefbutforcefulmessagesthethreestatesmensenttotheirpeoplerespectively.•Para.4•Centralidea:Leaders…musthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeatures…Atrademarkalsocomesinhandy.•Illustrations:LGJ'snoseandearlobes;Ike'sbroadgrin;Lincoln'sstovepipehat,JFK'srocker.•Para.5•Topicsentence:Italsohelpsforaleadertobeabletodosomethingmostofuscan't.•Illustration:FDRovercamepolio;MaoswamtheYangtzeRiverattheageof72.•Para.6•Topicsentence:Eventelevision…doesn'taltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.•Illustrations:TelevisionexposedNixon'sinsecurityandHumphrey'sfatalinfatuationwithhisownvoice.•Para.8•Topicsentence:Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.•Illustrations:Heshouldbeable,likeLincoln,FDR,Truman,IkeandJFK,togiveagood,hearty,bellylaugh,insteadofthesicklygrinthatpassesforgoodhumorinNixonorCarter.RonaldReagan'strainingasanactorshowedtogoodeffectinthedebatewithCarter,whenbyhiseasymannerandapparentaffability.•Para.9•Centralidea:Peoplecanonlybeledwheretheywanttogo.Theleaderfollows,thoughastepahead.•Illustrations:AmericanswantedtoclimboutoftheDepressionandneededsomeonetotellthemtheycoulddoit,andFDRdid.TheBritishbelievedthattheycouldstillwinthewarafterthedefeatsof1940,andChurchilltoldthemtheywereright.•Mainideas•Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership.•Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.•Leadersmusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturesforpeopletoremember.•Leadersmustbeabletodosomethingmostofuscan’t.•Leadersmustknowhowtousepowerandhaveawayofshowinghedoes.•Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.•Theleaderfollows,thoughastepaside.•Aleaderridesthewaves,moveswiththetides,andunderstandsthedeepestyearningsofhispeople.•Agreatleadermusthaveinfectiousoptimism.•Agreatleadermusttransformourneedsandfearsintocoherentpoliciesandprogress.•Heis,afterall,merelythesumofus.•Noteverypresidentisaleader,buteverytimeweelectapresidentwehopeforone•Noteverypresidentisaleaderinthetruesense,buteverytimeweelectapresidentwehopewehaveelectedaleader•hopeforsth.•wantsth.tobetrueortohappen•e.g.•Heinvitedmetohisbirthdayparty;thisiswhatIhadbeenhopingfor.•Whatwecandonowistohopeforthebestbutbepreparedfortheworst.•Ineasytimesweareambivalent•ineasytimes•intimeswhenwearefreefromdiscomfortorworry•Notethatthiscontrastswithintimesofdoubtandcrisisintheprevioussentence.•ambivalent•adj.•uncertainbecauseoftheinabilitytomakeachoice;havingopposedorconflictingattitudes,emotions,etc.•e.g.•Becauseofthebigdifferenceinfamilybackgroundsheremainedambivalentaboutthemarriage.•IfeelprettyambivalentaboutwhetherIshouldtakethejoboffer;thepayisgenerousbutIhavetobeflyingallaroundtheworldmostofthetime.•shakesthingsup•makechangesinordertoimprove•e.g.•Theintroductionofdigitaltechnologyhasshakenmanyindustriesup.•Severalplayersfromoverseashavebeenbroughtintoshakeuptheteam.•Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership•Theleaderappearsonlywhenthepeoplefeeltheneedforsomeonetrustworthywhocanleadthemtoattaintheirdesiredgoals.•Roosevelt•FranklinD.Roosevelt,abbreviatedasFDR,(1882–1945)wasthe32ndpresidentoftheU.S.(1933–1945).Electedfourtimes,heinstitutedmajorreformsknownastheNewDealtocountertheeconomiccrisisofthe1930sandwasaforcefulleaderduringWWII.•eloquentmessage•clearandforcefulmessage;amessagethatiseffectiveinpersuasion•Leadershipisasmuchaquestionoftimingasanythingelse.Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership,asChurchilldidin1940,asRooseveltdidin1933,asLenindidin1917.Andwhenhecomes,hemustofferasimple,eloquentmessage.•译文：•当领袖，掌握好时机很重要。领导者必须顺乎民心，应时上台。就像1940年上台的丘吉尔、1933年上台的罗斯福和1917年上台的列宁。一旦成为领袖，就必须发出简洁有力的信息。•straightforwardbutpotentmessages•explicitlystatedbutpowerfulmessages•potent•adj.strong,powerful,forcefuloreffective•e.g.•Thisisapotentdrugtokillcancerouscellsbutithasunpleasantsideeffects.•Hemadeaverypotentargumentinhisspeechforincreasinginterestrate.•theymusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeatures•theymusthavecertainphysicalfeaturesthatareextraordinaryanddominant,thusimpressive•LGJ•AbbreviationofLyndonG.Johnson(1908–1973),the36thpresidentoftheU.S.(1963–1969)•Ike•DwightE