专四语法复习：主谓一致

专四语法复习：主谓一致AgreementofSubjectandVerbLecturer:GraceTan主谓一致教学目的：了解主谓一致的内涵及意义教学重点：熟练掌握主谓一致的原则、种类及应用教学难点：主谓一致的应用主谓一致TeachingContents定义三原则种类真题解析练习Agreement(主谓一致）一.主谓一致的定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。二.主谓一致的三原则:①语法一致原则②意义/内容一致原则③就近原则1.语法一致原则:主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Everycoinhastwosides.Myfriendshavenointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.2.意义一致原则：主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。例如：TheclassarebusywritingEnglishpassages.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywhichhasadvancedscienceandtechnology.3.就近原则.谓语动词的单﹑复数取决于最近它的主语。由either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso由here或there等连接引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。Eg:NeithermyfriendsnorIwasabletopersuadehimtoacceptouradvice.I.语法一致原则真题：1.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.Allbutone____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were1.1语法一致原则1.1如果主语是单数，后面跟有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,like,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的短语，谓语动词仍旧是单数形式.Eg:是杰克而不是他的同学要受到责备。Jack,ratherthanhisclassmates,istoblame.1.2语法一致原则Thepoetandthewriterhas/have?come.Eachboyandeachgirlwants/want?togotothecinema.真题:TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were真题：Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,____morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.A)haveallowedB)allowC)allowingD)allows1.2语法一致原则1.2由and连接的并列主语，如果表示的是同一个人，事或物体的时候，谓语用单数，否则用复数。但当用and连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Eg:法律和秩序对持不同政见的人来说意味着不同的东西。Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.1.3语法一致原则1.3不定式和动名词短语以及从句做主语。①为人民服务就是我最大的幸福。②涨工资极大的提高了员工的士气。③我们什么时候去郊游已经决定了。Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.Toincreasewageshasraisedthecrew'smorale.Whenwe'llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.1.3语法一致原则注意：※关系代词what引导的从句作主语视情况而定。※①我需要的是一个平静的生活。②我需要的只是些安眠药。WhatIneedisapeacefullife.WhatIneedaresomesleepingpills.1.4语法一致原则•1.4成对的名词trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时：①鞋子穿起来很舒服。②桌上有一双鞋子。•Theshoeswearquitesmooth.•Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.1.5语法一致原则1.5百分数/分数+名词作主语时:①这个工厂百分之二十的工人是女性。②地球表面超过百分之七十为水覆盖。③在场三分之二的人都反对这个提议。Twentypercentoftheworkersinthefactoryarewomen.Altogethermorethan70percentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbywater.Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheproposal.1.6语法一致原则1.6Oneof…和theonlyoneof…Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathas/have?beentold.她是这些女孩中唯一一个愿意参加补考的学生。Sheistheonlyoneofthosegirlswhoiswillingtotakeamake-upexam.1.7语法一致原则1.7如果主语有morethanone…或manya…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍遵循语法一致原则。如：听了他的演讲之后，许多学生都很受鼓舞。Manya/morethanonestudentisencouragedafterhearinghisspeech.II.内容一致原则•2.1不定代词all,none,some,any,either,neither作主语时：•EG：闪闪发光物并非皆黄金。•Allthatglittersisnotgold.•两只鞋都不合脚。•Neithershoefitscomfortably.2.2内容一致原则•2.2allof,someof,noneof,halfof,mostof.lotsof,plentyof等非确定数量+名词作主语时：•大部分苹果都乱掉了。•这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃掉了。•Mostoftheappleswererotten.•Mostoftheapplewasrottenbyarat.•※Noneofusis/are？perfect.※•Noneofthisworry/worries？me.2.3内容一致原则2.3the+形容词/分词作主语:①病人已经被救治，失踪的已经被找到。②美的并不总是好的。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthegood.※Thedeparted/deceasedwasawell-knownengineer.2.4内容一致原则•2.4集体名词作主语时，如army,audience,committee,community,company,council,crew,enemy,family,government,group,jury,navy,public,staff,team,etc.)•Aspecialcommitteehas/have?beensetup.•Thecommitteehas/have?discussedtheproblem.2.5内容一致原则•2.5形复意单的名词如；news;以ics结尾的学科/疾病名称作主语时：•有消息传来他考试再次失利了.•News/tidingshascomethathefailedintheexaminationagain.•麻疹是一种传染病。•Measlesisaninfectiousdisease.2.6内容一致原则•2.6the/anumberof+名词作主语：真题：Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were2.7内容一致原则•2.7由and连接的成对名词习惯上被当做一个整体，如breadandbutter,knifeandfork.•威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜爱的饮料。•Whiskyandsodaisalwayshisfavoritedrink.•Brownbreadandbutterisusuallyeatenwithsmokedsalmon.2.8内容一致原则•2.8表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等词作主语:真题：Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury___thesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.A)haswitnessedB)waswitnessedC)witnessedD)iswitnessed2.8内容一致原则•那时一百米对刘翔来说是太远的一段距离。•100meterswastoolongadistanceforLiuxiangatthattime.•Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.知識專業創新熱情活力III.就近原则•3.1here,there,where引导的倒装句和存在句中①你不在时你妻子和孩子待在哪里呢？②有好多种书供你选择。•Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?•Thereareavarietyofbooksforyoutochoose.•注意：存在句型therebe的变体•Thereappear/seemtobeseveralreasonsforchangingtheplan.知識專業創新熱情活力III.就近原则•3.2用连词or，either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语•要么是他要么是你拿了我的笔记本。•Eitherheoryouhavetakenmynotebook.•真题：NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.bePractice1.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging2.“Newsofvictories_____pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept3.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has4.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.wasPractice5.NobodybutJane____