高中英语语法之名词性从句

名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause一、名词性从句之---主语从句1.主语从句：相当于主语的句子•Whowillgomakesnodifference.•Whathesaidisnottrue.•Whetherhecomesornotisuncertain.•Whetherwewillgoforapicnictomorrowdependsontheweather.•Thatthewoodedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder.•2.引导主语从句的词：•连词：that,whether•连接代词：what(ever),who(ever),which(ever)，whose,•连接副词：when,where,how,why充当主语/宾语/定语等起连接作用不充当成分充当状语表时间、地点、方式、原因•Whenyourunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter.•Wherethepainterisfromisunknowntousall.•Howwe’llsolvetheproblemshouldbediscussedagain•Whyyouwenttherealonemustbeexplainedtous.连接副词：when,where,how,why引导的主语从句•3.it做形式主语•ThatweshouldmasterEnglishwellisimportant.•ItisimportantthatweshouldmasterEnglishwell.•Whowillbesenttothefronthasn’tbeendecidedyet.•Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetwhowillbesenttothefront.•常见的固定句型：It的用法:(形式主语)It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that...据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…看似/显然/碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsayingthat…(俗话说)A.It+be+adj(important/essential/natural/necessary)+thatsb.shoulddosth.•It+be+adj(amazing/clear/certain…)+that从句•Itiscertainthatwewilldoagoodjob.•Itisveryclearthatweshouldleave.B.It+be+n(apity/afact/agoodidea/anhonor/amystery/apleasure/ashame/awonder/achallenge…)+that从句•Itisstillamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped.•Itisstillaquestionwhetherwecangothere.•It’snowonderthathewinthegame.•C.it+be+p.p(known/said/reported/believed/suggested/stressed…)+that/wh-从句•Itisknowntoallthatheartattackisterrible.•Itisreportedthathehaswonthebet.•以上三种句型表建议，要求，责任，义务，或愿望从句谓语常用should+do,should可以省略。•Itissuggestedthatyou(should)takeit.•Itisnecessarythatyoushouldstop.D.It+happened(occurto/seem/matter/appear…)+that/wh-clause•IthappenedthatIwaslateforschool.•Itmatterswhetherhewillacceptourinvitation.1、宾语从句宾语从句的引导词宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether连接代词who，whose，what，which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever连接副词when，where，how(以及how构成的词组)，why等。二、宾语从句TheObjectClause1.Ihear(that)___________.(一小时后会回来)2.Hesaid(that)___________.(他非常想我们)3.Theteachertoldus(that)_____________.(地球围绕太阳转）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：①当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个从句起that引导词不能省；②当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。③用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。1.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.2.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.由从属连词if/whether引导的宾从•Iwanttoknow_____________________（他是否和我们一起去公园）Askhim_______________（他是否能来）Idon’tknow______________（是否要下雨）if/wetherhewillgototheparkwithusif/wetherhecancomeWetheritisgoingtorainornotwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if练一练:if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow_______togo.5.Hedoesn’tcare________itisn’tafineday.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether注：1.表示“是否”后接动词不定式时用whether(whethertodosth.)2.宾语从句是否定句时一般用if引导if3.由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导的宾从•Heasked_________________？（谁能回答这个问题）•Doyouknow_________________？（他们在等谁）•Heasked_____________________？（谁的书法是班上最好的）•Pleasetell___________________.（我们什么时候开会）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameeting?•Canyoutellme______________（他在哪儿）•Couldyoutellme______________（怎样到达车站）•Wouldyoutellme_______________（火车为什么晚点）whereheishowIcangettothestation?whythetrainwaslate?注：因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。4.带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句1.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?2.Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?3.Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?4.Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.5.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool.6.Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?5.“疑问词+ever”whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever引导宾语从句I’llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee.Helikestomakesfriendswithwhoevershareshisinterest.二、注意正确使用时态1.如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句时态不受限制Ihearheisheretoday/hewashereyesterday/hewillbeheretomorrow.2.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。HesaidhewaswatchingTV/hehadsweptthefloor/hewouldplayfootballafterschool.3.如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时。Everyoneansweredtherearesixtyminutesinanhour.1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play).basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen三、注意否定的转移:主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上Idon’tthinkthatthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon’tsupposethatitistrue.•我认为那不是真的。•一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?•一Ibelieveso.我认为会这样。•Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)•我认为不会这样。1.Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.2.Idon’tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.3.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?四、doubt问题肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用that疑问句中用that•1.Idoubt_________heistellingthetruth.•2.Weneverdoubt_________th