中考复习名词专项

可数名词与不可数名词名词词义辨析(通过分析具体的语境来辨析名词的词义)名词所有格中考名词考查的三种形式:可数名词不可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化兼作可数名词与不可数名词的名词：规则变化不规则变化1.常见：man→men,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,foot→feet,child→children;2.单复数同形:sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese;3.由man构成的表示某国人复数的变化形式：Englishman→Englishmen;Frenchman→Frenchmen;German→Germans;4.名词修饰名词:①前面的名词是man和woman，变复数时两个名词同时变复数，amandoctor→twomendoctors;②若是其它名词，变复数时只需把后面的名词变复数，agirlfriend→twogirlfriends。5.由“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的合成形容词做定语时，该名词用单数形式，如10—minuteride,five—month—oldboy.1.一般情况+s;2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾+es;3.辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再+es;4.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为ve再加s;5.以o结尾的除4个单词外均+s(tomato,potato,hero,negro)可数名词不可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化无单复数的形式变化。但表示不可数名词的量时，通常要使用相应的单位词，如piece,cup,bowl等，复数形式常体现在单位词上。如twopiecesofpaper.兼作可数名词与不可数名词的名词：在句中根据语法及句意判断是可数还是不可数。如glass(玻璃)→aglass(玻璃杯)；chicken(鸡肉)→achicken(小鸡)；orange(橙汁)→anorange(橙子).修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词基数词不定冠词a,an既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词：much,little,alittleone,two,three...many,several,few,afew,anumberofsome,alotof,lotsof,enough,plentyof可数名词不可数名词howmuchhowmany1.—Hey,boys.Lookatthefalling________.—Well,it’stellingusthatautumniscoming.(2018广西玉林)A.leafB.leafsC.leafesD.leaves2.WangYapingandLiuYangareour_____inChina.We’reproud_____them.(2018黑龙江龙东)A.womanastronauts;ofB.womenastronauts;ofC.womenastronauts;in3.—Mom,I’mback.Isthereanythingtoeat?—Sure.Some____inthefridge.(2018四川遂宁)A.beefB.appleC.dumplingD.milk4.Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek,includingthree_____andfour_____.(2018四川凉山)A.German,AmericanB.Germans,AmericanC.Germans,AmericansD.German,Americans5.—Whatagood_____you’vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure.(2017山东滨州)A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice6.Therearealotof_____onthegrassland._____sheep-dogissittingnexttothem.(2017甘肃兰州)A.sheep;TheB.sheep;AC.sheeps;TheD.sheeps;A7.Thethree_____upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough_____foradoublebed.(2018广东)A.room,roomB.room,roomsC.rooms,roomD.rooms,rooms8.Thebroken_______maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit.Youshouldbecareful.(2016广东)A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles考点二：名词词义辨析解题关键：通过分析具体的语境来辨析名词的词义。1.StephenHawking’sstorygivesmemuch______tofaceallkindsofdifficulties.(2018山东莱芜)A.chanceB.wealthC.courageD.decision2.Linda’sperformanceattheartfestivalwasa(n)________andwaslovedbyherteachersandclassmates.(2018江苏淮安)A.successB.dreamC.chanceD.idea5.Lightsareout.Theconcertistobegin.ThefansholdtheirbreathforJayChou’s______.(2018江苏常州)A.influenceB.guidanceC.experienceD.appearance6.—Kidsoftenfeelbetterinahappyfamily.—That'strue.Ahappyfamilyprovidesaloving______foritschildren.(2018湖北荆州)A.expressionB.environmentC.encouragementD.development名词所有格（’s所有格和of所有格）1.单数名词、人名、和不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格通常在词尾加’s；以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格在词尾加’。2.用and连接两个并列名词，如果表示两者共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加’s即可,如ThisisJohnandSusan'sroom；如果表示两者各自拥有，则每个名词后都加’s,如TheyareJohn'sandSusan'srooms。3.表示时间、距离、价格、国家等无生命的事物的名词，可在词尾加’s或’来构成所有格(如today’spaper,China’scapital,twominutes'walk)。4.“of+’s所有格”这种形式被称为名词的双重所有格，常用来表示整体中的一部分，如：afriendofmybrother’s。1.Thewomaninahatis_____aunt.(2018广西北部湾)A.JackandJohnB.Jack’sandJohnC.Jack'sandJohn’sD.JackandJohn’s2.Weusuallyhaveaseven_____holidayeveryNationalDay.(2018辽宁盘锦)A.daysB.day’C.day’sD.days’3.—HowfarisitfromChongqingtoGuiyang?—It’sabouttwo_____ridebyhigh-speedtrain.(2018重庆)A.hourB.hour’sC.hoursD.hours’4.—Howfarisyourhomefromthetrainstation?—It’sabout20_____walk.(2017四川凉山)A.minuteB.minutesC.minute’sD.minutes’5.—Areyousurethisisaphoto_____,thefamouscomedyactress?—Itsurprisedyou,didn’tit?Butshewasoncereallythin.(2016山东东营)A.JiaLingB.JiaLing’sC.ofJiaLingD.ofJiaLing’s