选修6Unit3-words-and-expressions

Unit3AhealthyLifeWordsandexpressions1.abusen.&v.滥用，虐待，辱骂abuseone’sprivilege/power滥用特权drugabuse滥用毒品eg:Hewasaccusedofabusinghiswifelastweek.childabuse虐待儿童•这样考过•①(2009·江西师大附中)Heisaworthyleader，whonever________hispowerwhichisgivenbythepeople.•A．usesB．abuses•C．ignoresD．forces•答案：B2.stressn.压力;重音,重读[C]beunder(the)stress(of)sufferfromstressthestressesandstrainsofmodernlife现代生活的压力和紧张n.强调,重要性[U]lay/put/placestressonsth着重强调某事•vt.加压力于;重读;强调•e.g.Hestressedtheimportanceofthetask.在压力下受到压力辨析stress与pressure•Stress指物体承受的外来压力，也可指人在心理上、精神上所承受的压力、负担或紧张。•pressure指单位面积上所受的压力，“血压”“大气压”•Recently,thehighbloodpressurehasleftherundergreatstress.•3.banvt.禁止；取缔•Swimmingisbannedinthislake.•这个湖里不准游泳。•bansbfromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事•Hewasbannedfromdrivingforthreemonths.•他被禁止驾驶三个月。n．禁令；谴责•place/put...underaban禁止……•lift/removethebanon/against...对……开禁，解禁•提示：作动词时为及物动词，直接接宾语。作名词时，ban后面经常跟介词on，•abanon…表示“对……的禁止”。•辨析：forbid,ban与prohibit•(1)forbid是常用词，指“吩咐不许某人不做某事”。forbidsbtodosth/doingsth•Thedoctorforbidshimtosmoke.医生禁止他吸烟。•(2)ban语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁止”，含“严厉谴责”之意，只能用事物作其宾语。Banatomicandnuclearweapons！禁止原子武器和核武器！•(3)prohibit强调以法律或官方行政手段或规章制度的形式加以禁止。Prohibitsbfromsth/doingsth4.dueto•1.由于，起因于；应付给……的，其中due为形容词，to为介词。•Theaccidentwasduetocarelessdriving.•车祸起因于驾驶疏忽。•2.beduetodosth按理做某事•RoseisduetostartschoolinJanuary.表“由于，因为”的词组还有：•owingto，becauseof，thanksto多亏了•dueto可作状语、定语或表语，一般不放在句首。•Heisretiringduetoillhealth.•owingto可作状语和表语，becauseof和thanksto只能作状语。•Owingtoalackofmoney,theprojectwillnotcontinuenxtyear.•这样考过•②(2009·盐城调研)Thesportsmeet，originally________beheldlastFriday，wasfinallydelayedbecauseofthebadweather.•A．duetoB．thankstoC．owingtoD．accordingto•解析：dueto“因为”作prep.，也可用于beduetodo“预定做某事”；thanksto“多亏了，因为”；owingto“因为”；accordingto“按照”。由句意：运动会原定于上周五举行，结果因为天气不好被推迟了。知选A。•答案：A5.addictedadj.入了迷的；上了瘾的•addictvt.使沉溺于；使入迷n．有瘾的人•addictiveadj.(药物等)(使人)上瘾的；养成习惯的；习惯性的•addictoneselfto使自己沉溺于……•be/becomeaddictedto/doingsth沉溺于，醉心于•提示：不管是动词addict还是形容词addicted或名词addiction，后面的to都是介词。•辨析：addicted与addictive•addicted意思是“入了迷的；上了瘾的”，是形容词。该词不能作定语，主语必须是有行为能力的人或动物，有被动含义。•Heisaddictedtoalcohol.他嗜好喝酒。•addictive意思是“使人上瘾的”，是形容词。该词可作定语或表语，作定语时，被修饰词通常指事物；作表语时，主语一般是事物，有主动含义。•Morphineishighlyaddictive.吗啡很容易使人上瘾。•可能这样考•④________toplayinggamesrecently，heiseasytofeelsleepyinclass.•A．AddictedB．Addicting•C．HavingaddictedD．Toaddict•解析：Addictedto是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于从句Becauseheisaddictedtoplayinggames。•答案：A•⑤Theparentsfelthelplesswhentheyfoundtheirsonhad________lovestoriesforlong.•A．addictedB．addictto•C．addictedhimselfD．beenaddictedto•解析：addict需与介词to连用后再加宾语，因此A、C不对；由had后加过去分词可知B项不对。•答案：D•6.accustomedadj.惯常的；习惯了的•accustomvt.使习惯于•accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事•get/become/beaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事•beusedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事•我不习惯于听别人指挥。•Iamnotaccustomedtobeingtoldwhattodo.•⑥(金丽衢联考)________bythisgrandparentsinthecountryside，heisn'taccustomedto________inthecity.•A．Havingbroughtup;liveB．Grownup;livingC．Growingup;liveD．Broughtup;living•解析：bringup与he是动宾关系，故用过去分词作原因状语；beaccustomedto(习惯于)中的to是介词，后接动词的v.ing形式。•答案：D注意:在英语中,to有时为动词不定式符号,后跟动词原形;有时用作介词,后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to均为介词。stickto坚持leadto导致,通向payattentionto参观objectto反对cometo谈到,涉及seeto处理，负责devote…to致力于contributeto有助于getdownto开始/着手prefer…to…更喜欢•7.quitvt.停止，离开，解除，免除•过去式、过去分词为两种：quit/quit，quitted/quitted；现在分词为quitting•quit(doing)sth.停止(做)某事Youmustquitsmoking.•quitoffice离职•quitschool退学•bequitofsb./sth.摆脱某人/某物•提示：quit作为动词其后不跟不定式。•辨析：abandon，desert与quit•这三个词都含有一定的“放弃”之意。•(1)abandon指完全、永远地放弃，尤指对之负有责任或义务者，放弃一个项目或计划。•(2)desert强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)。•(3)quit指突然或出其不意地放弃，现一般指“停止”。如：quitwork停止工作。•⑦Doctorsaredoingresearchtofindoutwhatwillhappenphysicallywhenpeople________smoking.•A．quitB．decline•C．departD．reserve•答案：A8.effect.n影响，产生，affect.v影响•have/produceaneffecton/upon对…有影响/作用/效果Didthemedicinehaveagoodeffect?•put/bring/carry…intoeffect实行，实施•takeeffect生效，开始实施•Whenwillthelawtakeeffect?•Ineffect实质上，本质上•beofnoeffect无效，没有作用9.decideon/upon对……作出决定，选定•decidesth/todosth.决定某事/做某事•decide＋特殊疑问词＋不定式．决定……•decideagainst决定不做……(decideon/upon的反义词组)•Itisdecidedthat...决定……•辨析：decidesth.与decideonsth.•①decidesth.决定某事。•②decideon/uponsth.就某事做出决定或选定某事。•Decideonadaytoquitsmoking.选定戒烟日。•I'vetherighttodecidemyownbusiness.•我有权决定个人事务。•decisionn．决心，决定•make/takeadecision.作出决定•Cometo/reach/arriveatadecision决定•makeupone'smind(todosth.)决心(做某事)•determinetodosth.决心做某事10.feellike想要某物，想做某事•Feellike+名/代词/doingsth•Wouldliketodosth….想要做某事•Prefertodosth更喜欢做某事•Preferdoingtodoing情愿做…而不愿•Wouldratherdothando•Enjoydoing喜欢做某事11.desperate.adj.desperation.n1.绝望的，拼命的•Hewasdesperatewhenhelostallhismoney.2.极想，渴望，非常需要•bedesperatefor..极度渴望•bedesperatetodosth极度渴望做某事•Theyaredesperateformoney他们急需钱•Iamdesperatetoseeher,12.disappointed失望的，沮丧的•bedisappointedat对…失望•bedisappointedtodosth失望地做某事•bedisappointedwithsb/sth对某人/物不满意、•disappoint.v使失望disappointingadj令人失望的•disappointmentn失望13.ashamedadj.感到惭愧的；羞耻的•beashamedof(doing)sth.因(做了)某事而感到羞愧Shewasashamedofherbehaviour.•beashamedtodosth.因难为情而不愿……•IamashamedtosaythatIliedtoher.feelashamedforsb.替某人感到羞愧•辨析：ashamed与shameful•①ashamed指某人因某事而感到羞愧。•②shameful指事情本身可耻、不道德。•Heisashamedofh