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1、Porcelain—CallingCardofChineseCultureInEnglish,thecountryandporcelainsharethesamename--China.ThisprovesthatEuropeanshavelongknownofChina’srelationshiptoporcelain.PorcelainfounditswaytoEuropeinthe15thcentury,occupyinganimportantpositionintheexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.TheKeiselRandyMuseuminGermanyhousesablue-and-whitebowldatingbacktotheMingDynasty.Porcelaingarnered(收集)agoodreputationforChinaforitssophisticationandelegance,andplayedanimportantroleinthewaveoftheEuropeanidealizationofChi。
2、naduringthe17thand18thcenturies.Intherococo(洛可可式)stylepopularinEuropeofthattime,onecouldsense,fromtimetotime,theinfluenceofChinesevogue(时髦)representedbyChina'sstylesofporcelainandgardens.PorcelainisofgreatsignificanceinthehistoryofChinesecivilization.Potterywasthepredecessor(前任)ofporcelain,whileglazed(上釉的)potterywasthebasisfortheemergenceofporcelain.Aroundthefirstcentury,porcelainproductionfirstemergedinChina,andbytheSongDynastyithadbecomemature.Song-Dynastyporcelainrepresentedtheacme(顶峰)ofChine。
3、seporcelaintechnique.Fivefamouskilns(窑),theJun,Ding,Guan,GeandRu,wereallcreativeandoriginalintheirrespectiveproducts,andtheirporcelainwarehasbeenintimatedbylatergenerationsthroughouttheages.IntheYuanDynasty,JingdezhenbecamethecenteroftheChineseporcelainindustry.Chineseporcelainischerishedforitsserene(宁静的)color,crystalpaste,gracefuldesigns,andingeniousforms--aquestofgenerationsofcraftspeople.Bronzeware,potteryandporcelainareallpopularwiththeChinesepeople,thoughtheirstylesvarywidely.Potteryissimpl。
4、eandunsophisiticated,whilebronzewaresuggestssolemnity(庄严),butporcelainisthemostexquisiteandelegant.PorcelaincanberegardedasthecallingcardofChineseculture.Thiscallingcardrepresentsthecrystallization(结晶)ofChinesecultureandtheembodimentoftheaestheticandpursuitsoftheChinesepeople.Nature'sCraftAnyonefamiliarwithChineseporcelainknowsthatthesurfaceofsomeporcelainwareiscoveredwithirregularcracks.Thecracksoccuredduringkilningduetoflawedworkmanship,butastimewentoncracklewarebecameacraze(时尚)duringtheSongDy。
5、nasty,andwaspasseddowntotoday.CracklewaretodayisoneofthetypicalChineseporcelainstyles.Chinesepeoplelovecracklewarebecausetheylovenature'suniquecraft.Porcelainisanartificialart,butwhatitmostdefinesisnothingmorethanartificiality.Anyman-madecrackleswouldbemechanicalandunnaturalandbetrayacertainartifice(欺骗),definitelynomatchfornaturallycraftedcrackles.TheTaipeiPalaceMuseumhasapieceofcracklewareproducedintheGeKilnoftheYuanDynasty.itisanincense(香)burnerwithfish-shapedhandles.Thinandfinecracklesonthecr。
6、eam-coloredglazeareevocativeofatreeleaf,witharteriesandveinsstretching,intertwinedfreelyandvibrantlyinit.PureBlue-and-whitePorcelainBlue-and-whiteporcelainisatypicalartifactofporcelaininChina.AmongtheporcelainexportedduringtheMingandQingDynasties,80percentwasblue-and-white.Chinese-madeblue-and-whiteporcelainwareemergedlongbeforetheTangDynasty,butitwasnotuntiltheYuanDynastythatthistypeofporcelaincametobeproducedinquantity,withtheattendantmasterpieces.TheMingDynastywitnessedthematurityoftheart,and。
7、alargenumberofvaluablepieceswereproducedinthisperiod.Jingdezhen,asmalltownthatcreatedtheenchantingblue-and-whiteporcelainoftheYuanDynasty,becameitsporcelain-producingcenter;andinthesubsequentMingDynasty,theimperialkilnswereestablishedhere.Blue-and-whiteporcelainisnowthemostrepresentativeofChineseporcelain.Toproduceblue-and-whiteporcelain,cobalt(钴)oxide(氧化物)isrequisite.itisemployedtodrawonthewhiteroughcast(毛坯)beforeglazeisapplied.Afterkilningatahightemperature,theroughcastturnsintoblue-and-whitep。
8、orcelain,sincecobaltoxideturnsbluewithheat.Thewhitesurfacewithbluepatternsandashinysheen(光泽)ofgrazeproducesapure,elegantandtransparenteffect.IntheTaipei“PalaceMuseum”,thereisabowlwithbranch-and-flowerpattern,producedintheXuandereign(1426-1435)oftheMingDynasty.Itsshapedemonstratesaprimitivesimplicity,whileitsfinetextureiswhitewithatouchofblue.Inawell-balancedcomposition,theflowersarevividlydrawnwithsoftandserenelines,whiletheblueintermingles(混合)withthewhite,producingaharmonious,effervescent(欢腾的)e。
9、ffect.TheTaipei“PalaceMuseum”housesanotherpieceofblue-and-whiteporcelainware—aplatewithaflowers-of-four-seasonsdesign,alsomadeintheXuandereignoftheMingDynasty.Theinterioroftheplatefeathers13flowers,includingchrysanthemum,lotus,gardenia(栀子花),pomegranate(石榴),Chineseherbaceous(草本的)peony,hibiscus(木槿),andcamellia;whileitsexteriorisdecoratedwithseveralflowers.Inthecenteroftheplatesitsthelotus—thedivineflowerofBuddhismandcommonlyusedmotif(主题)inChineseporcelain.Thewhiteplatelookscrystalclear,andalthough。
10、thedesignsarecomplicated,thepurewhitecolorandthegracefulbluematcheachother,toproduceanelegant,sophisticatedeffect.Blue-and-whiteporcelainoccupiesaprominentpositionintheChineseporcelainindustry,foritaccordswellwiththecultureandaestheticspiritChinesepeoplehavelongpursued—ofsimplicity,unaffectednessandease.Chinesepeoplebelievethatultimatebeautyissimpleandnatural;anythingthatisaffectedandover-polishedrunscontradictorytothisphilosophy.AsrepresentativeofChineseporcelain,blue-and-whiteporcelaindisplaysa。
本文标题:Porcelain—Calling-Card-of-Chinese-Culture
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