Book8-Unit2-Grammar

Unit2CloningGrammarRevisetheAppositiveClauseLookattheunderlinedpartofthesesentences.Whatpartdotheyfunctionas?Ontheonehand,thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dollythesheep.AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.Canyoufindmoresentenceswiththeappositiveinthereadingpassage?Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.多莉看来是正常地生长着的事实很令人鼓舞。ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。语法精解(一)一、同位语theAppositive同位语是位于所修饰的名词之后，对该名词起进一步说明或解释的作用。同位语可以用单词或短语表示，也可以用从句表示如：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)单词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(2)短语ThisisMr.Black,directorofourcompany.(3)句子Thequestionwhatweshoulddonexthasn'tbeenconsidered．二.同位语从句theAppositiveclause在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用,跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。语法精解(二)同位语中要注意的几个问题1.同位语从句中所修饰的名词2.引导同位语从句的连接词3.分隔式同位语从句4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.Sumupthenounsbeforetheappositiveclause.同位语从句中所修饰的名词有：fact,news,idea,hope,question,problem,suggestion,plan,thought,doubt,truth,belief,promise,order，information，message，word（消息），possibility,proposal等抽象名词。1.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthematchencouragedusallgreatly.2.Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.3.Wehaveproofthatthemanisguilty.4.ThereisnodoubtthattheislandbelongstoChina.5.Ihavenoideawhyshequitherpresentjob.6Ihavenoideawhattheyaretalkingabout.7.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.从句句型连接词陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句that(不可以省略)whether“是否”（不用if）代词:what,who,whom,whose,which;副词:when,where,why,how2.引导同位语从句的连接词Completethesentences.Thenewsmadeussad.thatdeathtollinChinaquakereached10,000IhavenoideawhethertheRocketswillwinthematch.WilltheRocketswinthematch?IcananswerthequestionwhenDollythesheepwasborn.WhenwasDollythesheepborn?因为谓语部分很短，为了起到平衡句子的作用，把被修饰的名词和起修饰作用的同位语从句分隔开了，该形式容易被忽视。注意:Word/Newscamethatourbasketballteamhadwon.Thestorygoesthathekilledthekingwithanarrow.3.分隔式的同位语从句：Tellthedifferencebetweentheattributiveclauseandtheappositiveclause.4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别SimilaritiesDifferences两种从句都位于名词之后定语从句是修饰和限制前面的名词；而同位语从句是说明名词的具体内容。1).引导词thatThenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting．Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．(定语从句)that1)起连接作用;2)指代先行词;3)充当句子成分;4)作宾语时常省略。(同位语从句)that1)起连接作用;2)不充当句子成分;3)不能省略。①Iwillneverforgetthedays___________________.②Thereisaquestion___________________.(定语从句)when作时间状语，可以转换成duringwhich，意为“在此期间”。(同位语从句)when是特殊疑问词，意为“什么时候”.whenIworkedinTibetwhenshewillcomehere2)引导词when，where，why③Thisisthehouse_______________________.④Doyouhaveanidea_____________________?（定语从句）where作地点状语，可以转换成inwhich,意为“在这个地方”.（同位语从句）where是特殊疑问词，意为“哪里”.whereIlivedtwoyearsagowheretheboyisfrom⑤Thisisthereason______________________schooltoday．⑥Theteacherhadnoidea__________________.(同位语从句)why是特殊疑问词，意为“为什么”.(定语从句)why作原因状语，可以转换成forwhich,意为“因为这个原因”。whyshewasabsentfromwhyshewasabsent.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1)Thefact____heusedtobeathiefisknowntoall.2)Weweresurprisedbythefact_________shetoldus.3)Thenextthing____mustbedoneistomakeaplan.that同that/which定that定4)Wordcame____ourarmyhadwonthebattle.5)Thepresidenthasgivenanorderthateveryoneinthecountryshouldprepareforawar____mightlastforseveralyears.6)We'vejustheardawarningontheradio____ahurricaneislikelytocome.that同that定that同7)Thereisnodoubt___hehastoldalie.8)Ihavenoidea_____theylive!9)Thecoatisintheplace______youleftit.where定that同where同练习1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactconcernstheirparentsandteachersalot.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietconcernstheirparentsandteachersalot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisittoChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisittochina.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.Attention在suggestion/advice/request/requirement/demand/order等表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词后,同为语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”should可省略Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe（should）usethecomputer.Ordercamethatallthesehouses（should）bepulleddowninamonth.Hissuggestionthatstudents（should）learnsomethingpracticalisveryreasonable.用同位语从句翻译下列句子。1.谣传这个明星已经结婚了。(rumor)2.我们有可能赢吗？(possibility)3.我有种感觉：克隆人会引起道德问题。(feeling)4.然后出现了克隆将会把我们引向何方的问题。(then放句首）用同位语从句翻译下列句子。1.谣传这个明星已经结婚了。(rumor)Arumorgoesthatthestarhasgotmarried.2.我们有可能赢吗？(possibility)Isthereanypossibilitythatwewillwin?用同位语从句翻译下列句子。3.我有种感觉：克隆人会引起道德问题。Ihaveafeelingthatcloninghumanbeingswillraisemoralquestions.4.然后出现了克隆将会把我们引向何方的问题。Thenarose/camethequestionwherecloningisleadingus.DearMissGan,Myfriendstoldmeaplan___________________(他们将举办一个派对）tomorrow.Butthereisadoubt_____________（我是否有空）.Ihavenoidea_______________________（如何能拒绝他们的邀请）politely.Couldyougivemesomesuggestions?Yourssincerely,KateCompletetheparagraphusingtheappositiveclause.thatth