单片机控制的开关电源设计

论文题目：开关电源设计（硬件）专业：自动化本科生：（签名）指导老师：（签名）摘要本设计依照一般普通用户对电源的参数的要求，提出了一种基于脉冲宽度调制(PWM)高效率、低功耗开关电源直流电压转换器的设计方法,采用全桥、降压、推挽回路为主电路拓扑，8051F350单片机和STC5616AD单片机分别输出正负电源基准，二者之间相互通信，与TL494斩控芯片相结合进行脉冲宽度调制，使输出电压在-30V-+30V可调。其中8051F350单片机对输出电压和电流进行采样形成高精度的电压电流反馈，STC5616AD单片机负责编码电位器的编码检测和可调电压和电流输出显示。通过参数设计与最终实验测试，系统达到了以下指标：电源输出电压在-30V-+30V电压可调，并固定±12V和±5V输出，最大输出电流为5A,总功率为420瓦，电压调整率为0.016%，负载调整率为0.41%，电源效率为75%。关键词：TL494，脉宽调制，开关电源，PWMSubject:TheHardwareDesigneOfSwithPowerSupplySpecialty:AutomationName:LiangGan(Signature)＿＿＿＿Instructor:WangDangshu(Signature)＿＿＿＿ABSTRACTAccordingtothecommonconsumer’srequestfortheparameterofpowersource,adesignmethodofDCvoltageswitchingpowerisproposed.whichisbasedonPWMmodulatesandhashighefficiencyandlowpowerloss.Itusesentirebridge,voltagedroppingandpush-pulltoreturnrouteasprimarilyelectriccircuittopology.The8051F350andSTC5616ADseparatelyoutputsthepositiveandnegativepowersourcedatum.Correspondingwitheachother,thetwoMCUcontrolthepulsewidthmodulationwithTL494,Theoutputvoltageisadjustedin-30V-+30V.8051F350carriesonthesamplingtotheoutputvoltageandtheelectriccurrenttoformahighaccuracyvoltageandcurrentfeedback.STC5616ADisresponsibletocodepotentiometer'scodeexaminationanddisplaytheoutputvariablevoltageandelectriccurrent.Throughparameterdesignandfinalexperimentaltest,thedesignswitchingpowerachievedthefollowingindicators:outputvoltagecanbeadjustedin-30V-+30Vandfixedoutput±12Vand±5V;themaximumoutputcurrentis5A;thetotalpoweris420watts;thevoltageregulationrateis0.016%;Theloadregulationis0.41%;Thepowerefficiencyis75%.KEYWORDS:TL494，pulsewidthmodulation，switchingpowersupply，PWMIII目录第一章绪论................................................................11.1系统背景...........................................................11.1.1绿色节能型开关电源...........................................11.1.2智能化数字电源...............................................11.1.3可编程开关电源...............................................21.2电源技术的发展与方向...............................................21.2.1线性电源和开关电源...........................................21.2.2电源技术的发展方向...........................................31.2.3开关电源的市场前景和研究现状.................................4第二章系统的总体设计......................................................52.1方案论证...........................................................52.1.1DC-DC主回路拓扑结构.........................................52.1.2控制方法及实现方案...........................................62.2主体思路...........................................................62.3软件设计思路.......................................................82.3.1软件系统的逻辑控制...........................................92.3.2软件系统的结构...............................................92.4软件设计部分概述...................................................92.4.1程序设计方法...............................................102.4.2软件设计步骤................................................10第三章系统硬件设计.......................................................113.1隔离式高频开关电源................................................113.2输入电路设计......................................................123.2.1电压整流技术................................................123.2.2输入滤波电容................................................123.2.3输入浪涌保护器件............................................133.2.4输入尖峰电压保护............................................14IV3.3功率变换电路设计..................................................143.3.1隔离全桥推挽变换电路........................................143.3.2推挽式变压器开关电源储能滤波电感参数的计算..................163.3.3磁芯的选择..................................................193.3.4计算脉冲信号的最大占空比Dmax................................193.3.5计算一次绕组的电感量LI......................................203.3.6确定一次绕组的匝数N1........................................203.3.7确定自馈绕组N2和二次绕组3N的匝数...........................203.3.8计算空气隙................................................213.3.9设计注意事项................................................213.4功率管MOSFET及其驱动.............................................213.4.1功率管MOSFET...............................................213.4.2驱动电路....................................................233.4.3死区时间的设计..............................................273.5输出电路设计......................................................283.5.1PWM滤波电路设计............................................283.5.2检测保护电路设计............................................303.6PWM控制电路......................................................313.6.1TL494的结构和性能..........................................313.6.2输出电压直接分压作为误差放大器的输入........................343.7单片机控制模块....................................................353.7.1C8051F350系列单片机特点....................................353.7.3STC12C5616AD特点...........................................373.7.4STC12C5616AD应用...........................................373.7.6可调式精密并联稳压器TL431..................................393.7.7单片机双机串行通信..........................................403.8人机交换模块......................................................413.8.1编码电位器输入模块..........................................413.8.2LED显示器的显示方式........................................42V3.8.3数码管