武汉大学博士课程考试英语段落分析

Unit1para3OursecondmajordiscoverywasthattheInformationMarketplacewilldramaticallyaffectpeopleandorganizationsonawidescale.Besidesitsmanyusesincommerce,officework,andmanufacturing,itwillalsoimprovehealthcare,providenewwaystoshop,enableprofessionalandsocialencountersacrosstheglobe,andgenerallypermeatethethousandsofthingswedointhecourseofourdailylives.Itwillhelpuspursueoldandnewpleasures,anditwillencouragenewartforms,whichmaybecriticizedbutwillmoveartforward,asnewtoolshavealwaysdone.Itwillalsoimproveeducationandtraining,firstinspecificandestablishedwaysandlaterthroughbreakthroughsthatareconfidentlyawaited.Humanorganizationsfromtinycompaniestoentirenationalgovernmentswillbenefittoo,becausesomuchoftheworktheydoisinformationwork.Topic:TheaffectionoftheInformationMarketplacePerspective:people--organizationAspect(s):material-spiritual,individual-societyMethod:classificationSkill:examplesQuestions:whathowUnit1para12ThewiseeyewillalsoseethattheinformationMarketplaceismuchmoreinfluentialthanitsparts–theinterfaces,middlewareandpipesthatmakeupthethree-storybuildingonwhichwestand.Oncetheyareintegrated,theypresentamuchgreaterpower—thepowertopreventanasthmaticfromdyinginaremotetowninAlaska,toenableanunemployedbankloanofficertofindandsucceedatanewformofwork,toallowahusbandandwifetorevelintheaccomplishmentsofadistantdaughterwhilealsoprovidingemotionalandfinancialsupport.Thesepowersarefargreaterthantheabilitytosendane-mailmessage,ortohavefivehundredTVchannels.Topic:TheinfluenceofinformationmarketplacePerspective:powerAspect(s):material-spiritualMethod:hierarchicalstructure层次结构（life-work-pleasure）Skill:examplesQuestions:whathowUnit8para1Countlessculturesaroundtheworldhavedisappeared,alongwiththeirmythologies.InMesoamerica,dozensofornateMayantemplesliemute,asdoanuntoldnumberofIncanmonumentsinPeru,CelticcairnsinWales,KhmerstatuesinCambodia,andmagnificentziggurat-likestructuresincentralAfrica.Topic:ThedisappearanceofculturePerspective:worldAspect(s):culture【material】Method:spaceorderSkill:examplesQuestions:whathowUnit8para2Easterisland,celebratedforthegiantstatuesleftbyitsvanishedcivilization,isuniqueinarchaeologybecauseofitsisolationfromitsneighbors.currentarchaeologicalevidenceindicatesthatsome1,600yearsagotheisland'sfirstsettlers,explorersfromPolynesian,foundthemselvesinapristineparadisewithsubtropicalforests,dozensofwildbirdspecies,andnopredators.theymultipliedandprospered,distributingresourcesinamannerthatsuggestsasophisticatedeconomyandcomplexpoliticalsystem.rivalclanserectedever-largerstatuesplatforms,emulatingthestonecarvingsoftheirPolynesianforebears,tryingtosurpasseachotherwithdisplaysofpowerandwealth.Topic:ThecivilizationofeasterislandPerspective:island/civilizationAspect(s):enviroment-societyMethod:progression-classificationSkill:statement-exampleQuestions:what→howUnit8para4Itislikelythatchangesintheforestoccurredoverdecadesandwouldhavebeendifficulttodetectimmediately.Anislandermighteasilyhavemissedthelong-termtrend,thinking:“Thisyearweclearedthosewoodsoverthere,buttreesarestartingtogrowbackagainoverhere.”Furthermore,anyislanderwhoissuedawarningagainsttheoncomingdisasterwouldhavebeensilencedbytherulingclass.Chiefs,priests,andstonecarversalldependedonthestatusquotoretaintheirpositionsandprivileges.Topic:ThedetectionofchangePerspective:islanderAspect(s):ideabehavior-Method:classificationprogressionSkill:quotationstatementQuestions:whatwhyUnit8para6Humanitymaynotactintimetopreventthedecimationoftherainforests,fossilfuels,arableland,andfisheries.Inonly40years,Ethiopia’sforestcovershrankfrom30%to1%.Duringthesametimeperiod,therestoftheworldlosthalfofitsrainforests.Powerfuldecision-makinggroupsignorethosewhosoundanalarm;theirpolitical,economic,andreligiousagendasfailtoaddresstheproblemofdisappearingnaturalresources.Topic:ThepreventionofthedecimationPerspective:humanityAspect(s):decimation消亡(material-spiritual)-Method:causalorder因果顺序Skill:statistics-statementQuestions:whathow(whathowwhy)Unit8para8IfwearegoingtoavoidthefateoftheEasterIslanders,wemustchangethemythsthatareleadingustowardextinctionanfindinspiringvisionsofaplausibleandappealingfuture.Theoldmythshavecollapsed,butnonewoneshaveemergedtofillthevacuum.Fortransformationtooccur,humanbeingsmustactivelyshapethefuture,anenterprisethatgoestotheheartofmythmaking.IfweareeachacellinwhatPeterRussellcalls“TheGlobalBrain,”thenthisisanindividualaswellacollectiveventure.Topic:ThechangeofthemythsPerspective:mythmakingAspect(s):myths—idea：understandingMethod:problem-solutionorderSkill:statement-statementQuestions:whatwhyhow(whathow)Unit8para12ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplan