Unit-3-Alienation-and-the-Internet

Unit3AlienationandtheInternetSomestrikingpicturesofPCusersPre-readingQuestions1.Doyougoon-lineeveryday?WhatattractsyoutotheInternet?2.Forhowmanyhoursadaydoyouthinkapersonhastostayon-linebeforeheorsheisreckonedtobeaInternetbuff?Isitgoodtobeone?Whyorwhynot?Youmaysay:I’mexcitedatthehugeadvantagestheInternetcouldbringtous.Atthesametime,I’malsoconcernedwiththedisadvantagesattachedtoit.SomeusefulwordsabouttheInternet网关gateway黑客hacker主页homepage浏览器browser服务器server电子公告牌系统BBS(BulletinBoardSystem)数据库database拨号连接dial-upconnection域名domainname路由器router错误error下载/上传download/upload网页webpage登录/退出login/logoutIftheInternetallowsforthefreeexchangeofideas,ithelpstounifyus.Thenhowdoesitalienateuswhileunitingus?Howdoesitfragmentsocietywhileglobalizingideas?Thisistheissuethattheauthortacklesinthetext.Thispieceofargumentativewritingfallsintothreeparts.PartI(Paragraphs1—2):Thesis:theInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers.PartII(Paragraphs3—6):Theauthorsupportshispointwithevidenceandreasonsinthebodyofargumentation.PartIII(Paragraph7):Thewriterreiterateshismainideaintheconclusionofthetext.Thethesisstatementofthetextisinthesecondparagraph:“...theInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers.”Theconcludingstatementappearsatthebeginningofthelastparagraph:“Allthisbeingsaid,IbelievethatthekeytorealizingthepotentialoftheInternetisinachievingbalanceinourlives.”given:prep.whenyouconsidersth.e.g.Givenhisage(=consideringhowoldheis),he’sremarkablyactive.Givenherinterestinchildren,teachingseemstherightjobforher.giventhat:conj.e.g.Itwassurprisingthegovernmentwasre-elected,giventhattheyhadraisedtaxessomuch.a.fixedforapurposeandstatedassuche.g.Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.…itisthecommunicationsmodalequivalentofinternationalwaters.Paraphrase:…asamodeofcommunications,theInternetissimilartointernationalwaterswhichareopentoallcountriestouse.Explanation:communication:amassnoun.singular:thesharingorexchangingofinformationbyspeaking,writing,orbyusingsomeothermedium.plural:asinthissentence,itreferstothemeansofconnectionbetweenpeopleorplaces,inparticularthemeansofsendingorreceivinginformation,suchastelephonelinesorcomputers.e.g.cross-culturalcommunication•MinistryofCommunications(交通部)•satellitecommunications(卫星通讯)•communicationsnetwork(通讯网络).Detailedreading1–equivalent1equivalent:n.sth.equalinvalue,measure,force,effectorsignificanceThedresscosttheequivalentofaweek’ssalary.WhatistheequivalentoffiftypoundsinUSdollars?e.g.Comparison:equivalent(of/tosth.)a.equalinvalue,amount,meaning,importance,etc.Eightkilometersisroughlyequivalenttofivemiles.e.g.Comparison:equivalent(tosth.)Detailedreading1–dramaticallydramatically:ad.suddenlyandnoticeablye.g.Priceshavefallendramatically.Eventscouldhavedevelopedinadramaticallydifferentway.adramaticincrease/fall/change/improvementdramaticresults/developments/newse.g.Derivation:dramatica.Detailedreading1–alteralter:v.becomedifferent;makesb./sth.differente.g.HehadalteredsomuchthatIscarcelyrecognizedhim.Nothingcanalterthefactthatwearetoblame.Thelandscapehasbeenradicallyaltered,severelydamagingwildlife.Theyaremakingmajor/minoralterationstothehouse.e.g.Derivation:alteration:n.achangetosth.thatmakesitdifferentDetailedreading1–alternatealternate:a.(oftwothings)happeningorfollowingoneaftertheotherregularlye.g.Sheputsalternatelayersoffruitandcreamtomakecake.v.(causeto)followbyturnse.g.Wealternateperiodsofworkandsleep.Detailedreading1–alternative1alternative:n.athingthatyoucanchoosetodoorhaveoutoftwoormorepossibilitiese.g.Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbycheckmonthly;thosearethetwoalternatives.a.[onlybeforenoun]e.g.Haveyougotanalternativesuggestion?Detailedreading1–alternative2Blankfilling:1.Thisshirtwillhavetobe;itistoolarge.2.Thisshirtneeds;itistoolarge.3.Hismoodsbetweenhappinessandgloom.4.Thismethoddoesn’twork.Doyouhaveansolution?altered________alteration___________alternate__________alternative____________Detailedreading1–furtherfurther:v.helptheprogressordevelopmentofsth;promotee.g.•Additionaltrainingisprobablythebestwaytofurtheryourcareerthesedays.•furthersb'sinterests•furtherthecauseofpeaceDetailedreading1–fragment1fragment:v.breakintopartsorsmallpiecese.g.ThesatellitewillfragmentandburnupasitfallsthroughtheEarth’satmosphere.n.asmallpartofsth.thathasbrokenofforcomesfromsth.largere.g.Policefoundfragmentsofglassnearthescene.Ioverheardafragmentoftheirconversation.Detailedreading1–fragment2e.g.thefragmentationofthecountryintosmallindependentstatesDerivations:fragmentation:n.e.g.afragmentedsocietyfragmented:a.Detailedreading1–alienate1alienate:v.causesb.tofeelverydistantfromornotwelcometosb.elsee.g.Shewasalienatedfromherbrotherbyherfoolishbehavior.Allthesechangestothenewspaperhavealienateditstraditionalreaders.Detailedreading1–alienate2e.g.Inaworldthathadsuddenlybecomealienanddangerous,hewasheronlysecurity.(a.)aliensfromouterspace(n.)Derivations:alien:a.&n.e.g.Thenewpolicyresultedinthealienationofmanyvoters.Manyimmigrantssufferfromasens