国际会议交流英语如何写好总结

HowtoWriteaGoodConclusionPersonalInformationThecontentsfortheconcludingsection2Whatisaconclusion?1ContentsConcludingapapertechniques31.WhatisaconclusionTheconclusionisthelastparagraphinyourpaper.Aconclusioncompletesthepaperandreemphasizesyourthesisstatementormainideas.Itisawrittenanswertotheoriginalquestion.2.Thecontentsfortheconcludingsection1)Summingup2)StatementofConclusions3)StatementofRecommendations4)GracefulTermination1)SummingupSummingupislikelytobethemajorfunctioninapurelyinformationpaper,inwhichformalconclusionsorrecommendationsusuallyhavenoplace.Iftheauthorincludesasummary,heshouldmakecertainthatheactuallysummarizes,withdueemphasis,theprincipalinformationinthemainbodyofthepaperandheincludesonlymaterialsthatappearedearlierinexpandedform.2)StatementofConclusionsConclusionsareconvictionsbasedonevidence.Iftheauthorgivesconclusions,heshouldmakecertainthattheyfollowlogicallythedateactuallypresentedinthemainbodyofthepaperandthattheyagreewithwhateverhemayhavepromisedtoproveintheintroduction.3)StatementofRecommendationsRecommendations,atleastformalones,appearlessfrequentlyinconventionalscientificpapersthanin,forexample,technicalreports.Iftheauthorincludesrecommendations,heshouldmakecertainthattheyfollowlogicallythedateandconclusionspresentedearlier,anddonotdangleasproposalthathethinksaregoodbutforwhichhehasgivennosupportingevidence.4)GracefulTerminationGracefulterminationisachievedwhenallthematerialsoftheconclusionaresmoothlywoventogetherandsatisfactorilyroundedoff.Theabovestatedpointsin1)—3)wouldpromotecoherence.Buttheauthorshouldbewarnedagainstduplicatinglargeportionsoftheintroductionintheconclusion:verbatimrepetitionisboring,creatingafalseunity,andisnocomplimenttothereader’sattentiveness.3.ConcludingapapertechniquesSomewaystoenhanceaconclusionaretoincludea…PredictionRecommendationQuotationAPredictionApredictiontalksaboutwhatmighthappeninthefuture.Apredictioncanbeagoodwaytofinishyouressay.Itcanmakeyourreaderthinkaboutthepossibleresultsofyourthesisstatement.PredictionExampleThesisStatementAprogramtoreforestpartsofHaitiisurgentlyneeded.Finally,theimportanceofbeginningaprogramtoreforestpartsofHaitiwillbeanimportantstepinmakingthiscountrymoreeconomicallyself-sufficient.Withoutsuchaprograminplace,thepeopleofthiscountrywillcontinuetodestroytheirnaturalresourcesforfuelinordertosalvagetheirpresentstateofsurvival.Apredictionisusedtomakethereaderthinkaboutpossibleresultsofthethesis.ARecommendationArecommendationisoftenusedbyawriterafterhe/shehasdiscussedaprobleminanessay.Arecommendationcanbeusedtosuggestasolutionorcallthereaderstodosomethingabouttheproblemintheessay.RecommendationExampleAswehaveseen,internationalstudentsfaceanumberofdifficultieswhencomingtoanewcountrytostudy.However,problemssuchasculture-shockandthelanguagebarriercanbelessenedbeforeastudentcomestothenewcountrythroughpreparation.Ifyouareconsideringgoingtoschoolinanothercountry,youshouldbeginlearningabouttheculture,customs,andhistoryofyourhostnation.Also,youshouldbesurethatyouareproficientinthenationallanguageorbesuretosignupforlanguageclassesonceyouarethere.Arecommendationisusedtosuggestasolutiontoaproblem.“AQuotation”Arelevantquotationcanbringgoodclosuretoyouressay,especiallyifthequotationisfromanexpertonthetopicinyourcomposition.QuotationExampleDavidWerner,authorof,WhereThereIsNoDoctor,notesthat,“Onlywhenthepeoplethemselvesbecomeactivelyresponsiblefortheirownandtheircommunity’shealth,canimportantchangestakeplace.”Thisshouldbethemantraofeverypublichealthagencywhenlookingatmakingimprovementsincommonhealthproblems.Unlessacommunityunderstandstheimportanceoftheinterventionandtakesresponsibilityfortransformation,nolong-lastingchangeswillbemade.Aquotationfromanexpertcanbeusedtoaddcredibilitytoawriter’sposition.