having-done-状语

在努力工作了一整天后，我很早上床了。AfterIhadworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.Ingforasadverbialfromthetext:1.Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,IhelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromtheVolcanowillflownext.2.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.3.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.4.Havingearliercollectedspecialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentanycloser.5.Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,IamStillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialTocausegreatdamage.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.The–ingformusedasanadverbialHaving+pastparticiple(theperfect-ingform)referringtoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverbUsinglanguage:动词-ing（现在分词）作状语•V-ing作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态时同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。V-ing作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。•Iwasfeelingtired.Iwenttobedearly.•Iworkedhardallday.Iwenttobedearly.Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.•作时间状语Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.•作原因状语•Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.=BecauseIwastired,Istoppedtotakearest.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.•作条件状语Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.=Ifyouturntheleft,youwillfindtheschool.Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.=Workinghard,you'llsucceed.•作让步状语KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.•作伴随状语1.Istoodthere,waitingforher.=Istoodthere,andwaitedforher.2.Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily,andtheyranoutoftheroom.=Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.表结果Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingheralargefortune.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftheralargefortune)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_____________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong如V-ing表动作发生在谓语之前,则要用V-ing完成式:Having+P.P(过去分词)..,主语+谓语Having+been+P.P(过去分词)…,..1.Aftershehadfinishedherwork,shewenthome.2.Aswehaveinvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture.3.Aftertheclasshadbeencleaned，itwastidyHavingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.Havinginvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture.Havingbeencleaned,theclassroomwastidy.AttentionPlease1.-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)1.Addictinghimselftoplayingviolin,hedidn’tnoticethethiefenterthehouse.2.Addictedtoplayingviolin,hedidn’tnoticethethiefenterthehouse.Givenmoretime,we’lldoitbetter.2.-ing形式作状语时,与逻辑主语必须是主动。若构成被动，或表示状态，则用-ed形式，如exposedto,bathedin,absorbedin,dressedin,lostin,trappedin,accustomedto,与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Asalltheticketshavebeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.=Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.Iftimepermits,wewillgooutforapicnic.=Timepermitting,we'llgooutforapicnic.thisbeingmyexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.独立主格结构。=Asthisismyexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.=Thisismyexperience,soIstayedatthetopandwatchedthem.独立主格结构由“名词/代词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语/名词/数词”(非谓语)构成，在句中可做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。Ifweatherpermits,we’llgooutforapicnic.Weather_________,we’llgooutforapicnic.Asthereisnobus,Iwalkedhome.There_____nobus,Iwalkedhome.Iwentbackhomewithworkfinished.Work_____,Iwentbackhome.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。(表示条件)There______anotherchance,hewilltryhisbest.假如再有一次机会，他会尽力而为。Moretime_____,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.permittingbeingfinishedgivenbeing有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.1.Withtheteacher_________(assist)us,wecandoiteasily.2.Withwork___________(finish),theywillhavearest.3.Withallthework______(do),theywillhaveaHardtime.(7)作独立成分：Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanteacher.从外表看，他一定是个老师。assistingfinishedtodoGrammarwork语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Not________(know)hisaddress,Icouldn’tgotoseehimyesterday.2.Lookoutforcarswhen_______(cross)thestreet.3.Not_________________(invite)totheparty,Marywasgreatlyhurt.knowingcrossinghavingbeeninvited4.Hedivedintothewater,______(leave)onlyhisfaceexposed.5._______(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothewater.6.____________(close)thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.leavingTakingHavingclosed翻译：1.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。Theytalkedandlaughed,theycameintotheclassroom.Theycameintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.2.在这个地方雨下的如此大，以致引发了洪灾。Itrainedheavilysothatitcausedseverefloodinginthearea.Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthearea.3.工作做完之后，我就回家了。AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.4.尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.