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1数列基础知识一、数列概念基础知识:等差数列的通项:1(1)naand或()nmaanmd。等差数列的前n和:1()2nnnaaS,1(1)2nnnSnad。等比数列的通项:11nnaaq或nmnmaaq。等比数列的前n和:当1q时,1nSna;当1q时,1(1)1nnaqSq11naaqq。练习:1.已知等差数列na中,247,15aa,则前10项的和10S=()(A)100(B)210(C)380(D)4002.在等比数列{an}中,a1=8,a4=64,,则公比q为(A)2(B)3(C)4(D)83.在等比数列{}na(nN*)中,若11a,418a,则该数列的前10项和为()A.8122B.9122C.10122D.111224.若数列na满足:1,2,111naaann,2,3….则naaa21.5.设nS为等差数列na的前n项和,4S=14,10730SS,则9S=.6.已知数列的通项52nan,则其前n项和nS.7.已知na是等差数列,466aa,其前5项和510S,则其公差d.8.等差数列{}na中,11a,3514aa,其前n项和100nS,则n()(A)9(B)10(C)11(D)122二、有关性质基础知识:等差数列{an}中,m+n=p+q,则am+an=ap+aq,等比数列{an}中,m+n=p+q,则aman=ap·aq(m、n、p、qn∈N);当2mnp时,有2mnpaaa(等差数列);有2mnpaaa(等比数列)。练习:1.在等差数列na中,972aaa为常数,则其前()项和也为常数(A)6(B)7(C)11(D)122.等比数列{na}中,a4+a6=3,则a5(a3+2a5+a7)=3.已知等差数列{an}中,a2+a8=8,则该数列前9项和S9等于()A.18B.27C.36D.454.(全国一)设nS是等差数列na的前n项和,若735S,则4a()A.8B.7C.6D.55.设na是等差数列,1359aaa,69a,则这个数列的前6项和等于()A.12B.24C.36D.486.在等比数列na中,若0na且3764aa,则5a的值为()A2B4C6D87.已知某等差数列共有10项,其中奇数项之和为15,偶数项之和为30,则其公差为()A.5B.4C.3D.28.在等差数列na中,已知1232,13,aaa则456aaa等于()(A)40(B)42(C)43(D)459.在等比数列{an}中,a1=1,a10=3,则a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9=()A.81B.27527C.3D.24310.设等差数列{}na的前n项和为nS,若39S,636S,则789aaa()A.63B.45C.36D.273详解一、数列概念练习:1.已知等差数列na中,247,15aa,则前10项的和10S=()(A)100(B)210(C)380(D)400解:d=421574422aa,1a=3,所以10S=210,选B。2.在等比数列{an}中,a1=8,a4=64,,则公比q为(A)2(B)3(C)4(D)8解:由3416488aqa可得2.q选A。3.在等比数列{}na(nN*)中,若11a,418a,则该数列的前10项和为()A.8122B.9122C.10122D.11122解:由21813314qqqaa,所以91010212211)21(1S.选B。4.若数列na满足:1,2,111naaann,2,3….则naaa21.解:数列na满足:111,2,1nnaaan,2,3…,该数列为公比为2的等比数列,∴naaa21212121nn.5.设nS为等差数列na的前n项和,4S=14,10730SS,则9S=.解:4110711431442109763010(7)22SadSSadad11123728101adaadd,91989899215422Sad。6.已知数列的通项52nan,则其前n项和nS.解:已知数列的通项52nan,13a,则其前n项和nS1()2nnaa=252nn.7.已知na是等差数列,466aa,其前5项和510S,则其公差d.4解:46563,aaa15151355101.22aaaSa511.512aad8.等差数列{}na中,11a,3514aa,其前n项和100nS,则n()(A)9(B)10(C)11(D)12解:11,a35111424142aaadadd,2(1)10010.nSnnnnn选B.二、有关性质的考查练习:1.在等差数列na中,972aaa为常数,则其前()项和也为常数(A)6(B)7(C)11(D)12解:等差数列na的前k项和为常数即kaa1为常数,而972aaa=36a为常数,∴26a=111aa为常数,即前11项和为常数,选C。2.等比数列{na}中,a4+a6=3,则a5(a3+2a5+a7)=解:a5(a3+2a5+a7)=a5a3+2a52+a5a7=a42+2a4a6+a62=(a4+a6)2=93.已知等差数列{an}中,a2+a8=8,则该数列前9项和S9等于()A.18B.27C.36D.45解:已知等差数列{an}中,a2+a8=8,∴198aa,则该数列前9项和S9=199()2aa=36,选C.4.(全国一)设nS是等差数列na的前n项和,若735S,则4a()A.8B.7C.6D.5解:nS是等差数列na的前n项和,若74735,Sa∴4a5,选D.5.(天津)设na是等差数列,1359aaa,69a,则这个数列的前6项和等于()A.12B.24C.36D.48解:na是等差数列,13533639,3,9.aaaaaa∴12,1da,则这个数列的前6项和等于166()242aa,选B.6.在等比数列na中,若0na且3764aa,则5a的值为()5(A)2(B)4(C)6(D)8解:a3a7=a52=64,又0na,所以5a的值为8,故选D7.已知某等差数列共有10项,其中奇数项之和为15,偶数项之和为30,则其公差为()A.5B.4C.3D.2解:3302551520511ddada,故选C.8.在等差数列na中,已知1232,13,aaa则456aaa等于()(A)40(B)42(C)43(D)45解:在等差数列na中,1232,13,aaa∴d=3,a5=14,456aaa=3a5=42,选B.9.在等比数列{an}中,a1=1,a10=3,则a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9=()A.81B.27527C.3D.243解:因为数列{an}是等比数列,且a1=1,a10=3,所以a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9=(a2a9)(a3a8)(a4a7)(a5a6)=(a1a10)4=34=81,故选A10.设等差数列{}na的前n项和为nS,若39S,636S,则789aaa()A.63B.45C.36D.27解:由等差数列性质知S3、S6-S3、S9-S6成等差数列,即9,27,S成等差,所以S=45,选B.
本文标题:数列基础题(含详解)
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