河南专升本语法-连词精讲

连词(Conjunction)连词(Conjunction)一、连词定义:用来连接词、短语或句子的词。e.g.IstudyEnglishandChinese.Doesheworkatschoolorinthehospital?Igetupearly,butmybrothergetsuplate.二、连词分类：并列连词从属连词——连词：and,but,or,so,(for)连词词组:either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and,(aswellas)that，whether,if,unless,while/when,until,because,sothat,so…that,though/although,evenif,as…as等•并列连词列表•转折性连词列表•从属连词列表连词1并列连词与并列结构判断改错：Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.FTheystartedtodanceandsang.FIsawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.FSheplaysnotonlythepiano,buttheguitar.TNeitheryounorhearetoblame.FMakeupyourmind,oryou'llgetthechance.FThereisnoairandwaterinthemoonFNotonlyhelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.FWewilldiewithoutairandwater.FWecan'tlivewithoutairandwater.TSomepeoplelovecats,whenothershatethem.FTheywerenotthebonesofananimal,and(thebones)ofahumanbeing.F并列连词列表andbutnorsoyethoweverhencethenfororneverthelessneverthelessaswellasnotonly...butalsoboth...andneither...nor…either...or…consequently表示转折意思---表示因果关系---表示并列关系—•转折性连词列表besides\so\generallyspeaking\infact\indeedonthecontrary\ofcourse\inshort\inthiswaythatisbecause\moreover\ontheotherhandbut\however\yet\although\atthesametime\insteadevenso\forexample\inaddition\forinstance\namelybecauseof\asaresult\forthisreason\therefore\thus•表示重复，强调和结论•比较或对比•提出例证•因果关系从属连词列表一.并列连词表示词，短语，从句或句子之间具有并列关系。可以表示平行关系，转折关系，选择关系和因果关系。and(和)both…and（和,两者都）neither…nor（既不…也不…）notonly…butalso(不但…而且…)aswellas(和,也,除…外,而且)1.表示平行关系的连词：判断改错：(错)Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.(错)Theystartedtodanceandsang.(错)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere..2.表示转折关系的连词:butwhile(而,虽然)yet(可是)however(而)whereas(而)nevertheless(然而,不过)but表示转折，while表示对比。Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.典型例题---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?---I'dliketo,___I'mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。3.表示选择关系的连词or(或则,否则)orelse(否则)otherwise(要不然)either…or…(或者…或者)ratherthan(而不是)4.表示因果关系的连词soforthus(因此)hence（因此）therefore（因此）consequently（因而，所以）二.从属连词是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。分为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语从句的连词。1.引导名词性的从句(1).that,whether,if不充当成分.(2).连接代词who,whom,which,what充当主,宾,定,表语等.(3).连接副词when,where,how,why状语.2.引导状语从句的连词(1).时间:when,while,as当…时when+瞬间,延续性动词while+延续性动词as+瞬间,延续性动词“一边…一边”till/until,once,assoonas(一…就),themoment/instant(一…就),nosooner…thanhardly…when(2).原因:asbecauseforsinceFor语气最弱,引导的分句放在句末.Because语气最强,句首,句末均可.As(因为)置于句首.Since(既然)通常置于句首.(3).地点:where,wherever(4).条件:if,unless=if…not,so/aslongassuppose(that)假使onconditionthat如果provided/providing(that)倘使,如果nowthat(既然)consideringthat(5).让步:though/although不与but连用.as(尽管),evenif/though(即使)however(无论怎样),whatevernomatterhow/who/whichAlthough/though和as(尽管)的区别:Although/though引导的从句用正常语序.As引导的从句用倒装语序,即把as从句中的表语,状语或动词原形提至主语前.尽管天气冷,可他仍继续工作.Thoughitwascold,hewentonworking.=Coldas(though)itwas,hewentonworking.尽管你读得快,你也不能在三天内读完这本书.Fastasyouread,youcan’tfinishreadingthebookinthreedays.Althoughyoureadfast,youcan’tfinishreadingthebookinthreedays.不管他怎样努力,还是摆脱不了困难.Tryashemight,hecouldn’tgetridofthedifficulty.三、用法1.并列连词---连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的有：(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor，aswellas（也，和）等。(2)表选择关系的or,either…or等。(3)表转折关系的but,however等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。考点一：1）判断改错：Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.Theystartedtodanceandsang.Isawtwomensittingbehindandatethere.FFFeatingsingtalkedand(“和，并且”)与or(“否则”)“and”连接平行结构。（1）肯定句中用“and”表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和”。2）翻译：①我喜欢英语和数学。②我不喜欢英语和数学。IlikeEnglish_____math.Idon’tlikeEnglish____math.andor=Studyhard,_____yourmathwillbeworse.3）用“and”或“or”填空：Studyhard,_____yourmathwillbebetter.andor“and”意为“这样，那么”；“or”意为“否则”。表转折的连词but和however：e.g.(他努力工作，但以失败告终。)Heworkedhard,______hefailedatlast.Heworkedhard._________,hefailedatlast.区别:but后没有逗号，直接连接分句；however后有逗号相隔，可放句末。butHowever考点二：观察句子：（1）Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.改为：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.（2）“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”*although/though和but这两个关联词不能同时用。???同样，此句错误，because和so等关联词都不能同时使用。考点三：eitherAorB“或者A或者B”neitherAnorB“既不A也不B”notonlyAbutalsoB“不仅A而且B”---连词词组：①EitheryouorI_____goingtotheparty.(或者你或者我将去晚会。)②NeitherInorhe______seenthemovie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）③Notonlyyoubutalsohe________French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）【连接主语时，谓语“就近原则”】amhasspeaks考点四2.从属连词---用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,evenif等。(6)引导结果状语从句的sothat,so…that,such…that等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than,as…as等。(8)引导宾语从句的that,if,whether等。考点二我会一直工作到你回来。Iwillworktillyoucomeback.not…until/till直到……才…till直到……为止翻译：我会到你回来时才睡觉。Iwon’tgotobeduntil/tillyoucomeback.Mr.Whitewastakingashower_____theUFOlandedonthestreet.A.whereB.whileC.whenD.whetherCWhileMr.Whitewastakingashower，theUFOlandedonthestreet.考点一“when”和“while”when引导的状语从句的动作多为终止性动词，也为可持续动词；但while只能是可持续动词。考点二我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。Myfather______comebackuntilwehadsupper.not…until/till直到……才…till直到……为止翻译：他直到3岁才会讲话。He______getupuntilhismotherwakeshimup.didn’t他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。He_________speakuntilhewas3.couldn’tdoesn’tHetook