高中英语阅读长句难句理解

Ⅰ．下面的句子摘自全国各地高考英语试题的阅读理解部分。准确理解它们，对做好后面相应的试题至关重要。请在下面横线上填上合适的内容，并注意领会理解长难句的思路和方法。1.Anyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir(回忆录)ofRalphW.Tyler,whoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.(全国卷ⅠD篇)我们来分析句子的结构：这是一个复合句。首先找出句子的主干：Anyonewillbeinterestedinthememoir。Anyone是主语，谓语是_______________，memoir是____语。Anyone后面是一个由who引导的______从句，用来限定Anyone所指的范围。在这个从句中，又包含两个由and连接并分别由what和how引导的______从句，表示caresabout的内容。逗号后面的部分是由who引导的______从句，修饰RalphW.Tyler，是对他所做的补充说明。以上分析可以帮助我们很容易地找到下面第68题的答案。68.WhoaremostprobablyinterestedinRalphW.Tyler'smemoir?A.Topmanagers.B.Languagelearners.C.Seriouseducators.D.Scienceorganizations.2.Anevaluationearlierthisyearreportedthatchildrenontheschememade20months'progressinjustoneyear,whereassimilarlyweakreaderswithoutspecialhelpmadejustfivemonths'progress,andsoendedtheyearevenfurtherbelowthelevelexpectedfortheirage.(山东卷B篇)分析句子结构：这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。其中宾语从句又是一个由_______连接的并列句。第一个并列分句的主干___________________________________，第二个分句的主干是weakreadersmadefivemonths'progressandendedtheyear。能否正确地理解这句话，直接影响到下面第62题的解答。62.WhatdoweknowaboutReadingRecovery?A.Anevaluationofitwillbemadesometimethisyear.B.Weakreadersontheprojectwerethemosthardworking.C.Itaimstotrainspecialteacherstohelpchildrenwithreading.D.Childrenontheprojectshowednoticeableprogressinreading.3.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.(上海卷D篇)这个句子的主干是：adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupport。逗号前面的部分是由In引导的介词短语，在句中做___语。其中的greenbusiness又带有一个由that引导的______从句。madeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome是过去分词短语做tents的___语。其中cardboard又带有一个由that引导的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，还包含一个由after引导的状语从句。理清句子的结构，对于解决下面第76题很有帮助。76.Eco-friendlytentsinparagraph1referstotents________.A.economicallydesirableB.favorabletotheenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformanceD.designedfordisasterreliefⅡ．阅读下面的句子，找出句子的主干（即整个长句的主语、谓语和宾语），分析句子的结构，同时注意思考以下问题：①如何在长句中迅速找到句子的主干部分？②在复合句中哪类词能帮助我们迅速确定各种从句？③怎样判断长句中的某个部分是句子的次要信息？例：Thethreefriends,Elliotthecucumber,SedgewickthegourdandGeorgethegrape,workaswaitersatadinnertheater,arestaurantthatpresentsaplayduringdinner.(Vegetableheroes,Para.3,P4)句子主干：主语：friends谓语：work结构分析：复合句。three是数词做定语，修饰friends；Elliotthecucumber,Sedgewickthegourd(葫芦)andGeorgethegrape做friends的同位语；aswaiters和atadinnertheater是介词短语做状语，修饰work；dinnertheater后面的部分是同位语，用来对dinnertheater进行解释，其中that…dinner是定语从句，修饰restaurant。Ex.1.Itwaslaterrevealed（揭露）thattheBritishpress（出版社）hadknownaboutitsincethebeginningbuthadmadeanagreementwiththeRoyal(皇家的)familynottoreportonit.(Media'sbadboy,Para.1,P2)句子主干：__________________________________________________________2.Asaresult,I,theoncethinnestgirlinmyclass,gainedsomeweightthatmyparentsandfriendsathomeweresurprisedat.(Learningfromwhatyoueat,Para.3,P3)句子主干：__________________________________________________________3.Workingalonesincetheageof40,heintroducedtheGaiahypothesis(盖娅假说),atheorythattheEarthisaself-regulatingsuper-organism(自我调整的超级有机体).(Earthisintrouble,Para.4,P6)句子主干：______________________________________________________________Ⅲ一个句子无论有多长，都包含一个中心意思。找出句子的中心意思，可以帮助我们更好地理解句中的细节信息。那么怎样确定句子的中心意思呢？首先，将细节信息与中心意思分离。细节信息往往告诉我们事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、目的以及列举、举例等。其次，找出句子与哪个人或物有关。最后，找出这个人做了什么事情，或者这个人或物发生了什么事情。例如：WhilewatchingTVormovies,CaoYi,15,fromChongqing,oftenfeelsenvious(羡慕的)ofthoserolesthathaveanelderbrother.(Lonelygeneration,Para.1,P2)首先除去细节信息：When:WhilewatchingTVormovieHowold:15Where:fromChongqingWhich:thathaveanelderbrotherWho:CaoYiWhatdidhedo?Feelsenviousofthoseroles.所以这个句子的中心意思是：CaoYifeelsenviousofthoseroles.Ex.1Asaresultoftheone-childpolicy,whichhaslastedthirtyyears,manyteenagerstodayincitiesfeellonelybecausetheyareanonlychild.(Lonelygeneration,Para.2,P2)句子主干：__________________2AstheBeijingOlympicsapproach,15-year-oldLuoJiepresentedfouroriginalsongsonMarch6totheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeforthe29thOlympicGames,whichissolicitingOlympicmusicworks.(Singingforgold,Para.1,P3)句子主干：__________________3However,Luograduallyfellinlovewiththeman,whodied70yearsago,aftershefoundplentyoflifestoriesontheInternet.(Singingforgold,Para.4,P3)句子主干：__________________4Sincestudentsmightnotknoweverybodyinthegroup,wesharedourfavoritefoodandplayedgamestogettoknowoneanotherbetter.(Havingfunonacoldcampingtrip,Para.2,P3)句子主干：__________________如何理解长难句分清主次信息＊位于逗号之间或其后面的部分通常是句子的次要信息＊位于破折号之间或其后面的部分通常是句子的次要信息＊位于括号内的部分通常是句子的次要信息找出句子主干＊寻找句子所描述的主体＊弄清句子主体发生了什么事情理清逻辑关系＊在复合句中，寻找从句的引导词＊确定从句在主句中的作用＊依照前面所讲的步骤，进一步分析从句内的句子结构