化学专业词汇

organiccompounds有机化合物compoundsofcarbon碳化合物hydrocarbonsandtheirderivatives碳氢化合物及其衍生物organicchemistry有机化学structureofmolecule分子结构chemicalbond化学键covalentbond共价键hybridorbital杂化轨道bondlength键长bondangle键角bondenergy键能polarity极性dissociationenergy离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutionalisomer构造异构structuralformula结构式octet八隅体perspective透视式eclipsedconformation重叠式构象staggeredconformation交叉式构象newmanprojection纽曼投影式functionalgroup官能团chaincompoud链状化合物carbocycliccompound碳环化合物heterocycliccompound杂环化合物dipole-dipoleinteractions偶极-偶极相互作用vanderWaalsforces范德华力hydrogenbonding氢键dipolemoment偶极矩electronegativity电负性physicalproperty物理性质meltingpoint熔点boilingpoint沸点reactionmechanism反应机理homolysis均裂freeredical自由基heterolysis异裂ionictype离子型electrophilicreagent亲电试剂electrophilicreaction亲电反应nucleophilicreagent亲核试剂nucleophilicreaction亲核反应1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想气体状态方程2.PartialPressures分压3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德华方程5.SystemandSurroundings系统与环境6.StateandStateFunctions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics热力学第一定律10.HeatandWork热与功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸热与发热过程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反应热13.Hess’sLaw盖斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反应速率16.ReactionOrder反应级数17.RateConstants速率常数18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼乌斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反应机理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化剂22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常数25.theDirectionofReaction反应方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列•沙特列原理27.EffectsofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalystsi.体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.SpontaneousProcesses自发过程29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)熵（标准熵）30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics热力学第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵变32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges标准自由能变33.Acid-Bases酸碱34.TheDissociationofWater水离解35.TheProtoninWater水合质子36.ThepHScalespH值37.Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesBronsted-Lowry酸和碱38.Proton-TransferReactions质子转移反应39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共轭酸碱对40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸碱的相对强度41.LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸碱42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金属离子的水解43.BufferSolutions缓冲溶液44.TheCommon-IonEffects同离子效应45.BufferCapacity缓冲容量46.FormationofComplexIons配离子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.TheSolubility-ProductConstantKsp溶度积常数49.PrecipitationandseparationofIons离子的沉淀与分离50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons离子的选择沉淀AbandA带AchromosomeA染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体（不同于B染色体）]Asite[核糖体]A部位ABA脱落酸abasicsite脱碱基位点，无碱基位点abaxial远轴的abequose阿比可糖，beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrantsplicing异常剪接aberration象差；畸变；失常abiogenesis自然发生论，无生源论ablastin抑殖素（抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体）abnormaldistrbution非正态分布abnormality异常，失常；畸形，畸变ABObloodgroupsystemABO血型系统aboriginalmouse原生鼠abortin流产素abortion流产，败育abortiveegg败育卵abortiveinfection流产（性）感染abortivetransduction流产（性）转导ABP肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin相思豆毒蛋白abscisicacid脱落酸abscission脱落absolute绝对的absoluteconfiguration绝对构型absolutecounting绝对测量absolutedeviation绝对偏差absoluteerror绝对误差absorbance吸收，吸光度absorbeddose吸收剂量absorbent吸收剂absorptiometer吸光计absorptiometry吸光测定法absorption吸收absorptionband吸收谱带absorptioncell吸收池absorptioncoefficient吸收系数absorptionspectroscopy吸收光谱法absorptionspectrum吸收光谱；吸收谱absorptiveendocytosis吸收（型）胞吞（作用）absorptivepinocytosis吸收（型）胞饮（作用）absorptivity吸光系数；吸收性abundance丰度abundant丰富的，高丰度的abundantmRNAs高丰度mRNAabzyme抗体酶acaricidin杀螨剂accedentvariation偶然变异acceleratedflowmethod加速流动法acceptingarm[tRNA的]接纳臂acceptor接纳体，（接）受体acceptorsite接纳位点，接受位点acceptorsplicingsite剪接受体acceptorstem[tRNA的]接纳茎accessible可及的accessiblepromoter可及启动子accessiblesurface可及表面accessory零件，附件；辅助的accessorycell佐细胞accessorychromosome副染色体accessoryfactor辅助因子accessorynucleus副核accessorypigment辅助色素accessoryprotein辅助蛋白（质）accommodation顺应accumulation积累，累积accuracy准确度acenaphthene二氢苊acene并苯acentric无着丝粒的acentricfragment无着丝粒断片acentricring无着丝粒环acetal缩醛acetaldehyde乙醛acetalresin缩醛树脂acetamidase乙酰胺酶acetamide乙酰胺acetate乙酸盐aceticacid乙酸，醋酸aceticacidbacteria乙酸菌，醋酸菌aceticanhydride乙酸酐acetification乙酸化作用，醋化作用acetin乙酸甘油酯，三乙酰甘油酯acetoaceticacid乙酰乙酸Acetobacter醋杆菌属acetogen产乙酸菌acetogenicbacteria产乙酸菌acetomebody酮体acetomepowder丙酮制粉[在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物]acetomitrile乙腈acetone丙酮acetyl乙酰基acetylcoenzymeA乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine乙酰胆碱acetylcholineagonist乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholinereceptor乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene乙炔acetylenereductiontest乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力]acetylglucosaminidase乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetylglutamatesynthetase乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate乙酰水杨酸；乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylicacid乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin乙酰螺旋霉素AchE乙酰胆碱酯酶achiral非手性的acholeplasma无胆甾原体AchR乙酰胆碱受体achromatic消色的；消色差的achromaticcolor无色2楼achromaticlens消色差透镜achromatin非染色质acidcatalysis酸催化acidfibroblastgrowthfactor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acidfuchsin酸性品红acidglycoprotein酸性糖蛋白acidhydrolyzedcasein酸水解酪蛋白acidmedium酸性培养基acidmucopolysaccharide酸性粘多糖acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶acidprotease酸性蛋白酶acidsolvent酸性溶剂acidic酸性的acidicaminoacid酸性氨基酸acidicprotein酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidictransactivator酸性反式激活蛋白acidictranscriptionactivator酸性转录激活蛋白acidification酸化（作用）acidifying酸化（作用）acidolysis酸解acidophilia嗜酸性acidophilicbacteria嗜酸菌acidophilousmilk酸奶aclacinomycin阿克拉霉素acoelomata无体腔动物acomiticacid乌头酸aconitase顺乌头酸酶aconitate乌头酸；乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine乌头碱aconitumalkaloid乌头属生物碱ACP酰基