Subject-and-verb-agreement--主谓一致

Sunday,February27,2011at8PMET/5PMPTonABCHostedby:JamesFrancoandAnneHathawayTheOscarshonoroutstandingworkinthefilmindustry,andarepresentedbytheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciences.TheceremonythisyeartookplaceattheKodakTheaterinHollywood.SubjectandVerbAgreement主谓一致（基本规则）主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系,通常依据三个原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近一致。具体规则有：1.由and连接的两个n./pron.作主语时,接复数谓语.但(1)and表“兼”时(实为一人),接单v.Theteacherandwriterissittinginthefront.(2)every/each/no/manya+n.+and+every/each/no/manya+n.,接单v.2.each/every+n./somebody/nothing/everything/anyone+单v3.主语后接“with…/togetherwith…/alongwith…/aswellas…/but…/except…/besides…/including…/like…/ratherthan…/morethan…/asmuchas…/nolessthan…”时,谓语与主语中心词一致.4.永是复数的名词people/police/cattle,接复v.5.集体名词,看作一个单位/组织/整体时,接单v.;指成员们时,接复v.(如family/class/group/team/government/enemy)population指“人口数”这一整体时，接单谓；指人口成员情况时，接复谓。6.the+adj.表一类人时,接复v;表一类事时,接单v.基数词作主语，单纯表数字时，接单谓；表数量时，接复谓。Tenbillionisalargenumber./Twenty(ofthem)areboys.7.表时间/距离/价值的名词短语,常看作整体,接单v.;侧重指若干单位时，接复谓。但“数+tonof+n.”作主语时，谓语与ton一致。Twotonsofcoalwerewasted.8.Therebe/Herebe…句中主语不止一个时,谓语与最近的主语一致---“就近原则”.neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,…or…等连接两个主语时,依“就近原则”确定谓语.9.以-cs结尾的学科名词,接单v.eg.Mathematicsisveryimportant.如不指学科,则接复v.eg.Hismathematicsarecorrect.10.由两部分组成的工具/衣物(如shoes/clothes/glasses/trousers/scissors),接复v.但前有pair/suit/kindof修饰时,与pair/suit/kind一致11.不可数n.接单v.但前有表数量的复数名词(如twopieces/bagsof)时,接复v.12.单个不定式/动名词/主语从句,接单v.；两个或以上,则接复v.但两并列主语指同一事时，接单v.13.“百分比/分数+of+名.”作主语时，谓语与名词的含义一致。such和“what从句”作主语时，根据所指代内容确定谓语。如Suchiswhathesaid./Sucharehiswords.WhatIneedismoretime./WhatIneedaremorebooks.14.manya/morethanone+单n.(“不止一个…”),接单v.15.alargequantityof+U.n/C.n+单谓，但largequantitiesof+U.n/C.n+复谓;alargeamountof+U.n+单谓，但largeamountsof+U.n+复谓16.加/减/乘/除算式作主语时，接单谓，加、乘算式也可接复谓。用howmuch提问得数时，谓语用单数；用howmany提问得数时，谓语用复数。主谓一致专项练习201.Everybodyinourhometown,menandwomen,youngandold,____sportsandgames.A.arefondofB.joinsC.enjoysD.goinfor2.Whichofyouthat____fondofplayinggameswouldliketohaveagamewithme?A.hasB.isC.areD.have3.---Haseveryoneinyourclasspassedthedrivingtest?---No,____onlyYangBoandIwho____passedit.A.itwas;hadB.thereis;haveC.itis;haveD.therewere;had4.TheSmiths’family,which____ratheralargeone,____veryfondoftheiroldhouse.A.were;wereB.was;wereC.were;wasD.was;was5.Fatherandson____standingontheroadside.Besidesthem____acartandhorse.A.was;wereB.was;wasC.were;wasD.were;were6.Nothissisterbuthistwocousins____toHainan,nevertobeseenagain.A.hasgoneB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen7.NobodybutJohnandTom____stillinthelabasIpassedbylastnight.A.hadbeenB.wereC.areD.was8.Thisisoneoftheroomsthat____damagedinthefire.A.isB.areC.wasD.were9.---Thetrousers____youwell.---Butthecolor____me.A.fit;suitB.fit;doesn’tsuitC.fits;doesn’tsuitD.fit;don’tsuit10.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother____toattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.areB.haveC.isD.aregoing11.Thepoor____alwaysdreaming____becomingrich.A.are;inB.is;toC.is;ofD.are;of12.Thiskindofstories____instructivewhilestoriesofthatkind____harmfultochildren.A.is;seemsB.are;seemC.is;seemD.are;seems13.Heistheonlyoneofthechildrenwho____illofothersbehindtheirbacks.A.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.talks14.Southeastofthetown____200muofsandywastelandwhich____unsuitableforgrowingcrops.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is15.Thepopulationofthecity____notlarge,butonethirdofit____highly-educatedcitizens.A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is16.Manyastudent____boughtthebook,butonlyafewofthem____readitthrough.A.have;haveB.has;hasC.have;hasD.has;have17.Jack,aswellashisfriendswho____footballgames,____traveledwiththeteam.A.likes;hasB.like;haveC.like;hasD.likes;have18.Growingaroundthelake____wildflowersofdifferentcolors.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen19.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.A.hasB.isC.areD.were20.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.A.isneededB.hasneededC.areneededD.need1-5CCCBC6-10BDDBC11-15DCAAC16-20DCBCC主谓一致英语的主谓一致就是说主语应与谓语动词保持一致。它主要包括三方面：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则的一致。下面分别介绍。1．语法一致(1)主语的人称和数决定谓语的形式，一般来说，不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数名词和复数代词做主语，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：（略）(2)以and或both…and…连接的主语，谓语动词用复数，例如：BothTomandJackarefondofmusic.Plasticsandrubberneverrot（腐烂）.(3)若并列主语指“同一个人或事物”，谓语动词用单数，例如：Theworkerandwriterhascomeherealready.(工人作家)Thedoctorandnurseisveryhard-workinginhiswork.(医务工作者)(4)and前后的单数名词有each,every,no等修饰则谓语用单数，例如：Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysthefilmverymuch.Nostudentandnoteacherwasallowedtoleavetheschool.(5)a/an+单数名词+ortwo…谓语动词大多用单数；oneortwo+复数名词时谓语动词大多用复数，例如：Onlyawordortwois/are(偶然)needed.Oneortwoboysareenough.(6)a/an+单数名词+andahalf谓语动词常用单数；oneandahalf+复数名词的结构，谓语动词常用复数，例如：Amonthandahalfhaspassed.Oneandahalftonsofgrainhavebeensentthere.(7)manya或morethanone+单数名词时谓语动词常接单数，例如：Morethanoneworkerhasbeensentabroad.Manyaboyhascomehere.(8)主语后面带有：with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,but,besides,except,addedto,including,like,ratherthan,morethan等修饰时，谓语动词仍然按前面的主语进行搭配，例如：Amanwithtwolittleboysiscomingtous.SheaswellasIisveryhappytomeetthechiefleader.Itogetherwithyourparentsamgoingtotakepartinthegames.2．意义一致（1）不定代词：someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everything,everybody,n