subject-verb-agreement课件

Subject-verbagreement主谓一致correctionsymbol：s-vWhatissubject-verbagreemenet?Subject-verbagreement(concord)meanstheagreementbetweensubjectandpredicateverbinNumber.number:singularorpluralPrinciples:1.Grammaticalagreement2.Notionalagreement3.ProximityGrammaticalagreement:Theverbmustmatchitssubjectinnumber:Ifthesubjectispluralform,theverbshouldtakethepluralform.Ifthesubjectissingular,theverbshouldtakethesingularform.e.g.Manygirlscomeontimeeverytime.Everygirlcomesontime.1.1Whenthenounwhichisusedasthesubjectisfollowedbywith,alongwith,togetherwith,but,except,inadditionto,besides,like,including,morethan,ratherthan,lessthan,aswellas,etc.,weshouldrefertothenoun.Grammaticalagreement1.2coordinationwithandandboth…andsingular—whenrefertoonlyonepersonorthingplural—whenrefertotwoormorethantwopersonsorthingsGrammaticalagreement1.3Whenaninfinitive,gerundornounclauseisusedasthesubject,theverboftentakethesingularform.Grammaticalagreement1.4Whenthesubjectismodifiedbyeach,everyorno,theverbtakesasingularform.1.5eachof+pron.(pl.),theverbtakesasingularform.1.6Whennoneisusedasasubject,theverbcanbeofasingularform,andcanalsobeofapluralform.Butwhennonereferstoanuncountablething,theverbshouldtakeasingularform.Grammaticalagreement1.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.studyRightanswer:c2.Every'boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.likeRightanswer:B3.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeenRightanswer:D4.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeingRightanswer:c5.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.haveRightanswer:B6..Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.wereRightanswer:c7.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.isB.amC.areD.beRightanswer:B8.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasRightanswer:B9.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobeRightanswer:c1.7Whensomenouns,suchastrousers,scissors,clothes,glasses,etc.,areusedasthesubject,theverbshouldtakeapluralform.Grammaticalagreementsomenouns,suchas:clothes,trousers,shoes,glassesetc,thepredicateusuallytakespluralform.Butwhentheyaremodifiedbyapairof,apieceof,thepredicateshouldtakesingularform.e.g.Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。1.8Somenounsendingwith–sexpressasingularmeaning,suchasnews,physics,economics,theUnitedStates,ArabianNights,etc.GrammaticalagreementGrammaticalagreement1.9when“thenumberof+noun”isasubject,theverbshouldtakeasingularform.1.10…%of+noun(S.):theverbtakesasingularform…%of+noun(Pl.):theverbtakesapluralformGrammaticalagreementNotionalagreement:Theverbcansometimesagreewiththesubjectaccordingtothenotionofnumberratherthantotheactualpresenceofthegrammaticalmarkerforthatnotion.e.g.Fiveminutesisashortperiodoftime.Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.Notionalagreement2.1Whenaninfinitepronounisasubject,theverbformisdecidedbythenounitstandsfor,suchasall,most,some,etc.2.2When“the+adj.”isusedasasubject,suchastherich,thepoor,theliving,theverbtakesapluralform.Notionalagreement2.3somenounsphrases,suchasbreadandbutter,knifeandfork,lawandorder,areusedasthesubject,theverbtakesasingularform.Notionalagreement2.4indefinitequantity+noun,suchaspartof,alotof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof,etc.,theverbformdependsonthenoun.NotionalagreementEg.Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenup.2.5Nounsexpressingtime,money,distance,etcareusedasasubject,theverbtakesasingularform.NotionalagreementTenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离。Proximity:Theprincipleofproximitydenotesagreementoftheverbwiththeheadofthenounphrasethatfunctionsassubject.e.g.EitherJimorIamgoingtotaketheresponsibility.3.Invertedsentencesintroducedbyhere,there,where,etctheverbagreeswiththerealsubject.Proximity3.2Coordinationwithor,either…or,nor,neither…nor,notonly…butalsoProximityWhentheverbshouldbesingular?•1,whenthesubjectisinfinitive,gerundandnounclause:•e.g.Buyingclothesisoftenatime-consumingjobbecausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheconesthatfithimorher.Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar.•2,Whenthesubjectisnounphraseswhichexpresstime,distance,weightetc.•e.g.Twoweekswastoolong.Fivetimesfivemakestwentyfive.Whentheverbshouldbesingular?•3．whenthesubjectisnounsorphraseswhichconnectedby“and”,theverbshouldbeplural.Butwhentheyareconsideredasone,itshouldbesingular.lawandorder法制soapandwater肥皂水acupandsaucer茶杯碟子forkandknife刀叉theneedleandthread针线trialanderror反复尝试horseandcarriage马车timeandtide岁月breadandbutter奶油面包theebbandflow盛衰，潮涨潮落e.g.：Iflawandordernotpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.A.isB.areC.wasd.were4．Somediseasesandsubjectswordsendwith“s”,theverbstilltakessingularform.e.g.Linguisticsisabranchofstudyonhumanlanguage.Whentheverbshouldbesingular?：•5,somenounsseemtobeplural,buttheactualmeaningisstillsingular.E.g.Thechaoswasstoppedbythepolice.Thenewsisagreatencouragementtous.Aseriesofdebatesbetweenthele