荒山荒地造林技术措施

://://://荒山荒地造林技术措施1造林树种的选择Theselectionofafforestationtreespecies根据襄汾县东西两山不同的立地条件、各树种的生物学特性及在不同立地类型的生长表现,考虑树种来源、劳力、资金条件等因素,本着适地适树和优先选用优良乡土树种的原则进行荒山绿化树种的选择。苗木一般选择1~2a生,侧柏最好使用容器苗,高度25.0cm以上;刺槐地径1.0cm以上;核桃地径1.5cm以上。Accordingtothedifferentsiteconditionsofxiangfenthingstwomountains,thebiologicalcharacteristicsofvarioustreespeciesandgrowthperformanceindifferentsitetype,considerspeciesorigin,conditionfactorssuchaslabor,capital,inlinewithtotheprincipleofoptimaltreeandselectexcellentnativetreespeciesforgreeningtreespeciesselectionofbarrenhills.Nurserystockgenerallychoose1~2a,biotaorientalishadbetterusecontainerseedlings,height25.0cmormore;Acaciadiameter1.0cmormore;Walnutsgrounddiameter1.5cmormore.2造林密度及配置、混交方式2afforestationdensityandconfiguration,mixedmode://://://造林密度侧柏一般栽植在山坡的中上部或条件差的山脊,穴状或鱼鳞坑整地,密度可掌握在220~330株/667m2;刺槐、核桃适宜在土壤条件较好的水平阶及梯田成片栽植,密度一般为110~150株/667m2。2.1afforestationdensityusinggeneralplantintheslopeoftheupperorpoorridges,cavernousorscale-holeploughinganddensitycanbemasterin220~220plants/330m2;Acacia,walnutinsoilconditionsgoodleveloforderandplantingofterracesanddensityisgenerally110~110plants/150m2.2.2种植点配置为充分发挥水土保持林的水土保持作用,侧柏、刺槐在种植点配置上选用“品”字形,核桃采用正方形的配置方式。2.2growingpointisconfiguredtogivefullplaytothewaterandsoilconservationofsoilandwaterconservationforest,arborvitae,acacia,choosegoodsglyphonplantingsomeconfiguration,walnutsquareconfigurationmethod.2.3混交方式根据山区地形地块的自然分布情况,树种混交方式一般选用不规则的块状混交。2.3mixedwayaccordingtothenatureofmountainousterrainblock://://://整地方式Threesitepreparationmodes整地是造林前的一项重要环节,按照水土保持的要求,针对坡的上下位置及坡度的大小,并根据实际情况采取不同的整地方式,尽量减少破土面,因地制宜。Sitepreparationisanimportantlinkforafforestationinfrontof,inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthesoilandwaterconservation,inviewofthelocationandsizeoftheslopeupanddownslope,andadoptdifferentwaysofsoilpreparationaccordingtoactualcondition,tominimizethegroundsurface,adjustmeasurestolocalconditions.3.1山坡上一般对山坡上部及25°坡以上的地段,采用穴状、鱼鳞坑整地,规格穴状坑穴径30.0~40.0cm,深20.0~40.0cm,穴面要稍向内倾斜;鱼鳞坑长径30.0~50.0cm,短径30.0~40.0cm,深20.0~40.0cm,外侧有土埂,半环状,高10.0~20.0cm,坑面外高里低,坑上方左右两角斜开引水沟,以积蓄坡面径流。3.1generalontheupperslopesandslopesmorethan25°slopearea,://://://~20.0cm,outsidethepitsurfaceobservedislow,sothatbothAngleofobliqueholeaboveopenflume,slopesurfacerunofftosavings.3.2对山坡中部及15°-25°坡的地方,采用鱼鳞坑、水平阶整地,规格鱼鳞坑同上,水平阶宽0.8~1.5m,长以便于整平田面为宜,深30.0~50.0cm。3.2to15°,25°slopeandslope,usingscale-hole,horizontalsoilpreparation,theabovespecificationsandscale-hole,leveloforder0.8~1.5mwide,longisadvisableinordertoleveling,adepthof30.0~50.0cm.3.3对山坡下部及15°坡以下的地段,采用窄幅梯田整地,规格宽2.0~5.0m,长度随山坡情况而定,深30.0~50.0cm,阶外缘培修土埂。Under3.3to15°slopeandlowerslopelocation,usinganarrowterracedlandpreparation,specificationis2.0~5.0mwide,lengthoverhillsides,30.050.0cmdeep,ordertheouterTuGengculture.://://://造林时间Afforestationoffourtime根据山区土层浅薄,含水量低的特点,造林季节选择以春季、冬季、雨季造林为主。Accordingtotheshallowmountain,thecharacteristicsoflowwatercontent,choosingafforestationseasonplantingisgivenprioritytowithspring,winter,rainyseason.4.1侧柏以雨季造林为主,最适宜的造林时机是进入雨季后下过一二场透地雨,然后天气连阴,此时造林成活率最高。切忌在无雨和降雨不多的时期强栽等雨,要严格遵循“三不栽”的原则,即“雨不透不栽,天不连阴不栽,雨过天晴不栽”。4.1biotaorientalisisgivenprioritytowithafforestationoftherainyseason,themostsuitableplantingtimeisafterenteringtherainyseasonortwofieldthroughtherain,andeventheweathercloudy,afforestationsurvivalratehighestatthistime.Periodwhentherewerenorainandtherainisstrongofavoidbyallmeans,suchasrain,wewillstrictlyfollowtheprincipleofthree-no,namelytherainproofnotplanted,itdoesn'tevenYinnotplanted,afterastormcomesacalm://://://刺槐、核桃一般以春季、冬季造林为主栽植时,一定要在根部蘸上泥浆。4.2acacia,walnutgenerallyinspringandwinterplantingisgivenprioritytoplanting,mustbedippedinthemudintheroot.5造林技术5afforestationtechnology5.1容器苗造林容器育苗造林要注意一下4个方面的问题:1)起苗时,应先挖掉容器袋周围的土,尽量不使袋内的土体松动,切忌用手拔苗起苗;2)栽植时应注意栽植深度,培土深度要比容器高出2.0~3.0cm,切忌将营养袋露在外面;3)栽前一定要撕破袋底部;4)运输过程中要防止散坨。5.1containerseedlingafforestationcontainerseedlingafforestationshouldpayattentiontofourproblems:1)seedlings,shouldfirstremovethecontainerbagofthesurroundingsoil,andtrynottomakethesoillooseinsidethebag,avoidbyallmeansusehandpullseedlingsseedlings;2)shouldbepaidattentiontowhenplantingplantingdepth,soildepthto2.0~3.0cmhigherthancontainer,avoidbyallmeanswill://://