联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展

1联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展：集体知识和日本产学合作联盟2008年8月22日日本东京法政大学2内容介绍1.理论探索：集体知识和集体战略2.日本的创新政策：实地调查3.经验分析4.结论3介绍•政府的重组•2001年4月：90个国家公共机构、医院和博物馆成为62个自主管理机构（IAI）。减少了72000名工作人员。4引进第三方评估•自主管理机构：法律，1999•2004年4月：99个国家级大学变成89个自主国家级大学机构。5法律系统重组•2005年5月，企业法改革外部CEO的参与•2006年4月，反垄断法改革HeavySurcharge1997年12月，控股公司的恢复RestorationofHoldingCompany6自主管理机构的管理转型•依照日本创新政策的转型•联盟驱动型研究和发展71.理论探索•产学联盟的理论•集体战略•集体智慧集体知识群众智慧8集体战略•Astley,W.,Fombrun,C.,“CollectiveStrategy:SocialEcologyofOrganizationalEnvironments,”AcademyofManagementReview,vol.8,1983.•Yami,Saïd,“FondementsetPerspectivesdesStratégiesCollectives,”RevueFrançaisedeGestion,No.167,pp.91-104,2006.9集体战略的类型(A&F)Commensalistic(WithinIndustry)Symbiotic(Inter-Industries)直接关系ConfederateConjugate间接关系AgglomerateOrganic10创业管理战略竞争战略集体战略ComprehensionofStrategies11集体智慧•AcademyofArtificialIntelligenceinJapanhadaspecialissueonCollectiveIntelligencein2003.•Takadama,K.2003.•Ikegami,T.2003.•TheWisdomofCrowdbyJamesSurowieckiin2004.12集体战略和集体知识CommensalisticSymbiotic直接关系ConfederateSharedKnowledgeConjugateSymbioticKnowledge间接关系AgglomerateLocalKnowledgeOrganicCommonKnowledge13集体知识和协同工作CommensalisticSymbiotic直接关系ConfederateSharedKnowledgeClearPurposeConjugateSymbioticKnowledgeUnexpectedResult间接关系AgglomerateLocalKnowledgeEngineeringwithObjectsOrganicCommonKnowledgeAnonymousCommunity14集体知识的模型•Horaguchi,H.H.(2008)“EconomicsofReciprocalNetworks:CollaborationinKnowledgeandEmergenceofIndustrialClusters,”ComputationalEconomics,vol.31,issue4,pages307-339.15设置Settings•CournotcompetitionwithGraphTheory.•KnowledgecreatingcompaniescollaboratethroughNetwork.•SimulationofEquilibriumQuantityandMathematicalProofforHubandSpokeTypeorCircularNetwork.16CournotCompetitionbyFourFirms17MatrixtobeInverted:4by418HubandSpokeType:CournotCompetitionbyFourFirms19MatrixtobeInverted:4by1202122232425MatrixtobeInverted:FreeScaleNetwork26ProductionLevelofFreeScaleNetwork3108.6TotalProductionLevel:=1,999,912,327,728,270,000,000,00027下一步研究•Agent-basedSimulation•CreationofCluster•HowmanyClustersaremadeoutofrandomsettingsofparameters?•Whyseven?•CompetitionbetweenClusters28集体知识的特征•知识遵照战略•不同领域的知识由VariousfieldofKnowledgeisgatheredbyatypeofcollectivestrategies.•Whatareincentivesofcollectingtogether?•Productivityisreallyhigher?•Howonecanmeasuretheresult?292.InnovationPolicyinJapan:FieldSurvey•ConferenceforIndustrialCompetitiveness(SangyoKyosouryokuKaigi,March,1999.–May2000.)PrivateMeetingforPrimeMinisterObuchiandPrimeMinisterMori.•InnovateJapanProject:March2003-Feb.2004.byNihonKeizaiShimbun(Nikkei).•StrategytoCreateNewIndustry(ShinsangyoSoushutsuSenryaku,May,2004).MinistryofEconomyandIndustry.30InnovationPolicyinthe2000s•“Innovation25”,byAbeGovt.,CabinetOffice,Sept.2006-Jun.2007.•PolicyRecommendationsformanyfieldofscienceandeducation••CreationofRegionalInnovationHotSpots•InterdisciplinaryResearch•BusinessUniversityAlliances•CreatingLocalFunds•TaxExemptionontheInitialFunding•LocalInnovationCommunity:visibleforPolicymakersandpublics32Characteristicscontinued.•Post-grantpatentreview,CreatingMeasuresforNationalInnovationPerformance:InnovationScorecard•Intellectualpropertyprotection•TechnologyRoadmap33KnowledgeClusterInitiative•MinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology,MEXT,KnowledgeClusterInitiative:18cities,5,000-9,000millionyen×5years.2002-2006/2003-2007/2004-2008.•TheSecondRoundoftheKnowledgeClusterInitiative,2007-2011.3421Nano,Bio,IT,Semi-conductor,Environ-ment500millionyenperyearUniversity,Business,LocalGovt.Alliances6Clustersstartin200735TheSecondRound:6Cities,1billionyen×5years•Fukuoka:AdvancedSystemLSIDevelopmentInitiative:SiliconSeaBelt.•Nagano:SmartDevicebyNanoComposite•Osaka+Kobe:Bio-MedicalCluster•Sendai:ProactiveHealthCareCluster•Hamamatsu:Opt-ElectronicsCluster•Sapporo:BioCluster36Saito&KobeClusterBiomedicalClusterKansai37RegenerativeMedicare:EmbryonicStemCell3839404142FukuokaKitakyushuR&DHubofAdvancedSystemLSI43AutomaticDesignSystemofLSI444546SonnyKyushuCMOSSensor/CCD47CaseStudyinToyamain2006•“TypeBcelllymphocyte”isplacedona“CellChip”withsmallwellsandresponsestocalciumischecked.•ToyamaUniversity,MedicalDepartmentandEngineeringDepartment,SuginoMachine,Richell,ToyamaIndustrialTechnologyCenter.•SCWorld,aventurecompany,wascreated.484950515253ProfessorAtsushiMuraguchiandProfessorHiroyukiKishi54555657IndustrialClusterProject•MinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry,METI,IndustryClusterProject.•9regionsdividedbythelocal“BureauoftheMETI.•17projects,9800smallandmediumcompanies,290UniversitiesandPolytechnics5859AISTSecondResearchStrategy,2007NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology.OnlyICT,Electronics①SupplyforInformationwithsemantics:Ontology②RoboticsandICTHouseholdAppliances③NetworkedVotingSystem④HardwareTechnology：QuantumComputer,ComputerDevicebyNewMaterialandNewPhysicalPhenomena,Bio-opticalSensing,SuperconductivityElectronicsMesurement•QuestionnaireSurveytoKnowledgeClusterInitiativei