初中英语定语从句用法详解及练习

定语从句的用法定语从句在英语阅读材料里处处可见。它是初中阶段的重要语法内容，也是学好英语的难点。我们先来了解一下定语：一本有趣的书aninterestingbook形容词interesting做定语修饰名词book一位漂亮的女孩abeautifulgirl形容词beautiful做定语修饰名词girl定语就是在句子中修饰名词或代词的词。我们还可以说成：abookthatisinterestingthatisinteresting这个句子做定语修饰名词bookagirlwhoisbeautifulwhoisbeautiful这个句子做定语修饰名词girlinteresting和thatisinteresting作用是相同的,都是用作定语来修饰名词book.一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。要区分复合句中的主句和从句，下面每个句子中的黑体字部分都为主句，注意体会。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who，宾格whom,所有格whose,关系副词包括where,when,why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。注:关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句，主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。HehelpedmewhenIwasintrouble,whichmademeverymoved.(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整个句子)四、关系代词的用法1.（1）that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作put的宾语)(2)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面,但可以使用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.=Thecityinwhichshelivesisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。Itisthreeo’clockthathearrivedat.=Itisthreeo’clockatwhichhearrivedPleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(which作saw的宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:1）ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)2）Imetagirlyesterday.Thegirlismyoldclassmate.ThegirlwhomImetyesterdayismyoldclassmate.(作met的宾语)4.关系词只能用that的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,只能用that.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。ItisoneofthemostexcitingmoviesthatIhavewatched.b.先行词是all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?IwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.我会尽我所能的帮助你。YouaretheonethatIlove.你就是我的所爱。c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。ThisistheonlybookthatIcanbuy.这是我能借到的唯一一本书。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that例如:IcanrememberthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?5.关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。6.whose的用法，在从句中做定语，表示“谁的”1)Thenovelbelongstome.Thenovel’scoverisbrokenThenovelwhosecoverisbrokenblongstome.2)Henryisaboy.Henry’smotherisourEnglishteacher.HenryistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.3)Thisistheperson.Theperson’sstorysurprisedeverybody.Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.翻译：你想和英语好的学生交朋友吗？______________________________我喜欢发卡是粉红色的那个女孩儿。___________________________五、关系副词when,where的用法，它相当于介词+which(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。例如:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。分解：a.Thiswasthetime.Hearrivedatthetime.Thiswasthetimeatwhichhearrived.=Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.b.IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichImeetyou.=IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImeetyou.注意当先行词表示时间，只有在从句中作状语才用when引导，作宾语用that/which练习：1.Nextmonth______youwillspendyourholidaysinyourtowncomesnear.2.Iwillneverforgetthethreeyears________Ispendinthisschool.3.Itistwoo’clock_____hearrived.4.Theyear________weheldtheOlympicsis2008.翻译：1.你知道他什么时候回来吗?___________________________2.我不会忘记和你待在一起的时光。___________________________3.圣诞节是我们传播欢乐的时刻。______________________________(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。例如:Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。分解：a.Thisistheplace.Heworksattheplace.Thisistheplaceatwhichheworks.=Thisistheplacewhereheworks.b.IlikethehotelwhereIlivedyesterday.=IlikethehotelinwhichIlivedyesterday.注意当先行词表示地点，只有在从句中作状语才用where引导，作宾语用that/which练习：1.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.2.Thefarmersusedwoodtobuildahouse_____vegetablescanbestored.3.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.4.Iliketheschool____Ivisitedyesterday.5.Iknowthehospital______Tomtalkedabout.(3)当先行词为reason,在从句中作状语用why引导，作宾语用that/which例如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyheislate?（作状语，heislateforthereason）Thisisthereasonthat/whichhetellsme.(作tells的宾语)选择题1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./9.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor10.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who11.