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密级:公开硕士学位论文新型共轭聚合物的设计合成及其光伏器件研究作者姓名:秦浩指导教师:郑庆东研究员中国科学院福建物质结构研究所学位类别:工程硕士学科专业:材料工程研究所:中国科学院福建物质结构研究所2015年05月DesignandSynthesisofConjugatedPolymersforOrganicSolarCellsByHaoQinADissertationSubmittedtoUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciencesInpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementForthedegreeofMasterofEngineeringFujianInstituteofResearchontheStructureofMatter,ChineseAcademyofSciencesMay,2015摘要I摘要P型聚合物半导体材料的设计与合成是有机太阳能电池研究的重点之一。通过分子结构修饰,可以调控聚合物给体材料的带隙和能级,改善聚合物的加工性能,提高载流子迁移率,进而提高光伏器件的性能。本文中,我们设计合成了两类给体-受体(D-A)型共轭聚合物,分别研究了这两类聚合物的热稳定性、光学带隙、电子能级、载流子迁移率等性质,并将其用于有机太阳能电池中研究其光伏性能。本论文中合成了下面两类聚合物:以1,5-双(2-癸基十四烷基)烷氧基萘及其衍生物为给体单元,以苯并噻二唑衍生物为受体单元,设计并合成了系列D-A型共轭聚合物PNDTBT、PNT2FTBT和PN2FTBT。对聚合物的热稳定性、光学吸收、电子能级和载流子迁移率进行测试和表征。聚合物PNDTBT具有较宽的带隙(1.86eV),在400~680nm范围内有良好的吸光能力。其HOMO能级和LUMO能级分别是-5.44eV和-3.58eV。利用有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)和空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)模型测量得到的空穴迁移率分别为5.36×10-4cm2V-1s-1和1.81×10-4cm2V-1s-1,基于PNDTBT:PC71BM的有机太阳能电池器件效率达到6.24%,这是基于同类给体单元的D-A型聚合物取得的最高效率。将受体单元中的烷氧基用氟替换以后得到聚合物PNT2FTBT,由于氟的强吸电子作用,聚合物的HOMO能级和LUMO能级都明显下移,分别达到-5.52eV和-3.78eV,光学带隙降低至1.73eV。利用OFET和SCLC模型测得其空穴迁移率分别为1.30×10-2cm2V-1s-1和7.01×10-5cm2V-1s-1。将聚合物PNT2FTBT的共轭链中噻吩单元减少,得到聚合物PN2FTBT,由于给电子能力降低,共轭链变短,PN2FTBT的HOMO和LUMO能级更深,分别为-5.61eV和-3.80eV,带隙更宽,光学带隙为1.81eV。基于PNT2FTBT和PN2FTBT的聚合物太阳能电池效率分别为5.09%和1.97%。以联二噻吩取代的苯并二噻吩(BDT)为给体单元,以氟和酯基取代的并二噻吩(TT)衍生物为受体单元,合成不同烷基链长的系列聚合物PBDTT-EH和PBDTT-OB。PBDTT-EH和PBDTT-OB的光学带隙分别是1.53eV和1.54eV,他们的吸收光谱和太阳光谱有很好的重叠,覆盖了300~800nm的光谱范围。通过循环伏安法测得,PBDTT-EH的HOMO能级和LUMO能级分别是-5.28eV和-3.75eV,PBDTT-OB的HOMO及LUMO能级分别是-5.37eV和-3.83eV。以PBDTT-EH:PC71BM为活性层的倒置结构光伏器件效率达到7.51%,短路电流密度为17.36mA/cm2。基于PBDTT-OB的器件,效率为7.01%,开路电压为摘要II0.80V,相比基于PBDTT-EH的器件的开路电压(0.76V)有明显提升。这一系列的工作表明,在侧链引入共轭噻吩取代基,有利于扩宽聚合物活性材料的吸收光谱,增强光吸收能力,改善其光伏性能,烷基侧链的长度对聚合物的能级、电子迁移率以及光伏性能都有不同程度的影响。关键词:有机太阳能电池,D-A型共轭聚合物,能量转化效率,光伏,苯并二噻吩AbstractIIIABSTRACTDesignandsynthesisofconjucatedpolymermaterialsisoneofthehotspotsinthestudyoforganicsolarcells(OSCs).Thekeyissuesofpolymerdesignincludeengineeringthebandgapandenergylevels,enhancingplanaritytoattainhighcarriermobility,andmaterialsprocessabilityandstability.Inthiswork,wedesignedandsynthesizedtwoseriesofdonor-acceptorconjugatedcopolymers.Theirthermalstability,optoelectronicandelectrochemicalpropertieswerestudiedindetail.Moreover,thesepolymerswereblendwithPC71BMandusedasactivelayerinbulkheterojunctionorganicsolarcells.Threedialkoxynaphthalene-basedconjugatedpolymers,PNDTBT,PNT2FTBTandPN2FTBTweresynthesized.PNDTBTexhibitedabandgapof1.86eV.TheHOMOandLUMOenergylevelsare−5.44and3.58eVrespectively.TheholemobilityofPNDTBTwasmeasuredtobe5.36×10-4cm2V-1s-1withOFETsmethod,and1.81×10-4cm2V-1s-1withSCLCmethod.PNDTBT-basedphotovoltaicdevicesshowedahighPCEof6.24%withaJscof10.76mA/cm2,aVocof0.94VandanFFof61.84%,thisefficiencyisthehighestamongalloftheseachievedbydialkoxynaphthalene-baseddonor-acceptorconjugatedpolymers.Copolymercontainedfluorizatedunits,PNT2FTBTachievedadeepHOMOenergylevelof-5.52eVandaLUMOenergylevelof-3.78eV,theopticalbandgapis1.73eV,muchmarrowthanthatofPNDTBT.WiththeOFETmethod,PNDTBTexhibitedaholemobilityof1.30×10-2cm2V-1s-1,whilewithSCLCmethod,theholemobilitywasmeasuredtobe7.01×10-5cm2V-1s-1.Anotherfluorizatedcopolymer,PN2FTBT,exhibitedadeepHOMOenergylevelof-5.61eVandaLUMOenergylevelof-3.80eV,theopticalbandgapis1.81eV.ThecomparisonsbetweencopolymersPNT2FTBTandPN2FTBTshowthefactthattheinclusionoftwomorethiopheneringsintothepolymerbackboneleadstoanarrowbandgap.PNT2FTBT-basedphotovoltaicdevicesshowedthehighestPCEof5.09%withaJscof9.62mA/cm2,aVocof0.82VandanFFof64.25%,whilePN2FTBT-basedOSCsexhibitedamuchlowerPCEof1.97%.Twodifferentalkyl-bithienylgroupswereintroducedintoBDTunitstoextendtheπ-conjugation.Themodifiedmonitorswerepolymerizedwith2-ethylhexyl4,6-dibromo-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate(TT)toaffordAbstractIVcopolymersPBDTT-EHandPDBTT-OBviaStillcouplingreaction.Duetothealkyl-bithienylsubstituents,bothpolymersgainedenhancedπ-systemandextendedabsorptiontolongerwavelengths(about800nm).Theopticalbandgapsweremeasuredtobe1.53and1.54eVforPBDTT-EHandPDBTT-OBrespectively.PBDTT-EHachievedaHOMOenergylevelof-5.28eVandaLUMOenergylevelof-3.75eV,whilePNDTBTexhibitedadeepHOMOenergylevelof-5.37eVandaLUMOenergylevelof-3.83eV.UsingablendofPC71BMandPBDTT-EHastheactivelayerandZnOmodifiedITOasthecathode,aPCEof7.51%wasachievedforinvertedpolymersolarcells,withaJscof17.43mA/cm2.Withthesamedevicestructure,PBDTT-OBexhibitedaPCEof7.02%,withaVocof0.80VandaJscof14.76mA/cm2.Thisworkhighlightsthefactthatanextendedπ-systemintheelectron-donormoietyiscrucialforimprovingtheperformanceofpolymersolarcells.KeyWords:Organicsolarcell,Donor-acceptorconjugatedpolymer,Powerconversionefficiency,Photovoltaic,Benzodithiophene目录目录中文摘要..........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..................................................................................................................Ⅲ第一章绪论...................................................................................................................11.1引言.......
本文标题:新型共轭聚合物的设计合成及其光伏器件研究
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