英语复合句初中

英语复合句句子的种类根据作用分A陈述句：肯定陈述句，否定陈述句B疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句C祈使句D感叹句what感叹句How感叹句根据结构分简单句并列句复合句→状语从句表语从句宾语从句定语从句状语从句同位语从句简单的基本句型主语+连系动词+表语OurclassroomisbigandbrightIamastudent2主语+不及物动词（谓语）Icanswim3主语+及物动词（谓语）+宾语Tomwroteanarticle4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Heshowedhisfatherhisnewshoes主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanand6therebe+主语+状语Thereisabookonthedesk句子的成分基本的成分主语：动作的施出者，表示所说的是谁是什么ThebirdcanflyHeismysister谓语：表示主语的动作或状态（动词）WeworkedtogetherTheysangandateattheparty句子可能具有的成分直接宾语：表示动作的承受者（名词，人名，代词）Hemakesafly。Theycleantherooms。Webuildabridge间接宾语：表示动作是针对谁作的，不是动作的承受者Passmethesalt,pleaseHe’lllendmegoodbookstoreadTheyhelpedmewithmystudy。Shetoldmeastory句中的me都是间接宾语宾语补足语；为表示意思的完整，仅有宾语远不够，还需有补足语加于补充TheteacherencouragedstudentstoexpresshisideaTheteacherprovedhimselfworthyconfidence表语：表示主语的特征或性质或表示主语是+（名词）ItiswarmandbrightTheflowersarered定语：用来修饰或限定名词，表示其特征特性或其它情况HehasabeautifulgirlfriendYourquestionisadifficultone状语：表示动作，行为或事件发生的时间，地点，目的。方式，程度，因果等，ThebookisratherinterestingIhavelivedhereforalongtimeTheyarrivedathospitalyesterdayShecomesherebytrain并列句1.并列关系并列句连词有：and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor2.转折关系并列句连词有：but,yet,however3.选择关系并列句连词有：or.,either…or..4.因果关系并列句连词有：for,so,therefore例句并列关系：Ihopehimandhehelpme转折关系：Hetriedopenthedoor,buthecouldn’t选择关系：Eitheryouarefoolishorheis因果关系：thestudentsareonholidays,thereforeyoucanseethemtoday。复合句定语从句同位语从句复合句：主语从句宾语从句表语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句又称关系从句：在主句中相当于一个定语，只不过这个定语是一个句子定语从句可以修饰一个名词，代词，或一个句子，被修饰的词叫现行词，从句在其后，由关系代词关系副词引出关系代词有：that.Which,who,whom,whose等关系副词有：when,where,whyThemanwhowrotethisbookinfamousscientist先行词关系代词(定语)ThevillagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintoatown(先行词)关系代词(定语)that关系代词与先行词的关系限制性定语从句先行词关系代词主语关系代词宾语关系代词所有格代替人who/thatwhich/thatwhom/thatwhich/thatthatwhose=ofwhom代替物whose=ofwhich代替人和物代替人代替物代替人和物非限制性定语从句代替人和物代替前一句话whichwhichwhosewhich关系副词与先行词的关系先行词关系副词在从句中作用时间名词when=at,on,in,时间状语during/which地点名词where=in,at/which地点状语只有reasonwhy=forwhich原因状语例句说明（在定语从句中，关系词在句中一定要担任成分）1.关系代词引导的定语从句Johnisthegirlwho/thatwasinjuredintheaccident（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作主语）Hefoundthewatchwhich/thathehadlost（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作宾语）Themanwhom/thatyousawjustnowisourmanager先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作宾语）Thehousewhich/thatwasdamagedinthefirewillberebuilt先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作主语）Isthereanyonewhosenameiswangli?先行词关系代词(关系代词在从句中作主语）Thebuildingwhoseroofwecanseeformhereis（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作宾语）Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasinherchildhood先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that连接）Thereisnotaneasyquestionthatyouthinkittobe（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that连接）注意的问题Oneof+复数名词+关系从句的结构中，关系分词的谓语有两种形式先行词为复数，从句谓语用复数Tomisoneofthosewomen,wholiketoplaybridge当one之前有theonly/right/very等修饰词时，从句谓语根据one而定，用单复数形式Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikestogotothetheatre在口语中，在定语从句中起宾语作用的关系代词省去Haveyoufoundthebook(that)youwant?当关系代词前有介词时，只能用关系代词whom,或which而不能用thatThebookfromwhich(不能用that)Igotalotofusefulinformation先行词介词关系代词waswrittenbyafamousscientist（关系代词which在从句中作介词from的宾语）Tomistheboywithwhom(不用that)youweretalkamomentago先行词介词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语）注：当介词位于从句句末时，关系代词仍可用that也可省去上两句可改为：1Thebookthat/whichIgotalotofusefulinformationfromwaswrittenbyafamousscientist2Tomistheboythat/whomyouweretalkingwithamomentago当先行词是all,everything,something,nothing,或被first,last,only,few,much,some,only,no以及形容词最高级修饰时，只用that不用whichIaminterestedinallthatyouhavetoldmeHeaskedforthebestbookthattherewasonmath当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时，要用that引导Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited（先行词）（关系代词)（关系代词在从句中作宾语）关系副词在定语从句中的应用1.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)newchinawasfounded先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作时间的状语）2.Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)wewereinneedofhelp先行词关系代词关系代词在从句中作时间的状语)3.Theschoolwhere(inwhich)Iworkisnotfarfromhere先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中担地点状语）4.Isthistheplacewhere(atwhich)thattrafficaccidenthappened?先行词关系代词关系代词在从句中担地点状语5.Hedidn’tgivethereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasabsentyesterday.（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担原因状语）6.Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hemissedthebuswasthathegotuplate先行词关系代词关系代词在从句中担原因状语注意：在口语或非正式场合,that可代替‘介词+which’结构或相当的关系副词1.Alltheyearsthat(forwhich/when)Iwasatschool,wasthereneverdiscussionaboutcareers.（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作时间的状语）2.Thereasonthat(why=forwhich)youwereabsentinexcuse（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担原因状语）3.Thedirectionthat(inwhich)thecarisdrivingcanbechanged（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）4.Idon’tlikethewaythat(inwhich)hetalks（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）有些固定的介词+which结构无相应关系副词，要根据先行词选用适当的介词5.Thespeedatwhichthespaceshipfliesisveryfast（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担状语）6.Wattlesandkilometersaretheunitsinwhichelectricpowerismeasured（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句由关系代词which,who,whose,where,when引出，而从句的两面都用逗号与主句隔开，关系代词that不能引起非限制性定语从句‘名词、代词+of+which+whom’引起的定语从句表示部分与整体的关系Therearemanyformsofenergy,eachofwhichisusefulforus非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句总是位于句末，用逗号与主句隔开Hemissedthetrain,whichannoyedhimverymuch（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作主语）Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作主语）注：关系代词which有时可以用来指代主句的一部分TomcanwritealetterinChinese,whichMarycannot（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别种类意义形式功能译法关系代副词限制性起限制性紧接先行修饰常译为关系代词有时定语从作用若省去，词后，先行词先行词的可用that代替句原句意义不无逗号定语有时也可省去完整。非限制起补充有逗号可修饰常译为不可用that代替性定语说明作用与主句先行词“另一”也不可省去从句若省去原隔开也可修饰并列分句句意义不整个主句受影响试比较：J