《美国文学》课件三

LectureThreeTheLiterarySceneinColonialAmerica1TheFirstAmericanWriterinColonialAmericaJohnSmith(1580-1631):thefirstAmericanwriter2•CaptainJohnSmithisbestknownforhisexcellentleadershipinthecolony'searlyyears.•HearrivedatJamestownstillimprisonedfordissentduringthevoyageandwaseventuallyreleased.•WhileexploringtheChickahominyRiverregion,hewascapturedbyPowhataninDecember1607.CaptainJohnSmith:Lifeexperiences3CaptainJohnSmith:Lifeexperiences•ChiefPowhatan,thesupremeleaderintheChesapeakeregion,releasedSmithonJanuary2,1608,afterPowhatan'sfavoritedaughter,Pocahontas,intervened.•SmithsaysofPocahontasthatshehazardedthebeatingoutofherownebrainestosavemine.4CaptainJohnSmith:Lifeexperiences•OnSeptember10,1608,Smithbecamepresidentofthecouncilinthecolonyandorchestrated（organize）suchimprovementsasexpandingthesettlementaroundthefortandrepairingmanybuildings.5•JohnSmithremainedinVirginiauntilfallof1609,whenhesailedbacktoEngland.•SmithwasinstrumentalindisseminatingknowledgeaboutVirginia,publishingsuchworksasTrueRelationofVirginiain1608,MapofVirginiain1612,GeneralHistorieofVirginiabeginningin1624(thereweresixeditionsineightyears),andTrueTravelsin1630.CaptainJohnSmith:Contributions6CaptainJohnSmith:Contributions•WhilehiswritingcontainsimportantfactualinformationaboutVirginiaasitwaswheninhabitedonlybyIndians,Smithisalsonotedforembellishing(makesth.beautiful)hisstorieswithboastsandconceit.7约翰.斯密斯的作品《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》：“这里的气温同英国的确十分相近。夏天之炎热有如西班牙，冬天之寒冷近似法兰西或英格兰。这里四季有风，但这里能令空气为之清新的雷电，我在欧洲还从未有闻。从海上进入这片土地只有一处进口，那是一处宽达十八至二十海里，风平浪静的湾口。这片土地可能比我们所知的任何地方都更令人愉悦。这里有可供航行的美丽河流，有高山、坦坡、平原、深谷，河流小溪都注入那片美丽的海湾，四周的土地肥沃，硕果累累。”——摘自《新编美国文学史（第一卷）》8AnneBradstreet(1612-1672)AnneBradstreet:thefirstnotablepoetinAmerica9AnneBradstreet:Contributions•ThefirstnotablepoetinAmericanliterature;•TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica(1650,inEngland);•“TenthMuse”thatappearedinAmerica;herlyricshadbeenofthefirstrankamongthewomenpoetsbeforeEmilyDickinson;•AnauthoritativespokesmanofthePuritanicalthought;•Oneofherwell-knownpoemsis“UpontheBurningofOurHouse”(1666),whichishighlyreligious.10AnneBradstreet:Contemplations(9)•Contemplations(9)•Iheardthemerrygrasshopperthensing.•Theblack-cladcricket(蟋蟀)bearasecondpart;•Theykeptonetuneandplayedonthesamestring,•Seemingtogloryintheirlittleart.•Shallcreaturesabjectthustheirvoicesraise•AndintheirkindresoundtheirMaker'spraise,•WhilstI,asmute,canwarble(singinahighvoicebutnotsteady)forthnohigherlays?11就是那只蟋蟀___余光中•台湾Y先生说：“在海外，夜间听到蟋蟀叫，•就会以为那是四川乡下听到的那一只。”•就是那一只蟋蟀•钢翅响拍着金风•一跳跳过了海峡•从台北上空悄悄降落•落在你的院子里•夜夜唱歌•就是那一只蟋蟀•在《豳（bin）风·七月》里唱过•在《唐风·蟋蟀》里唱过•在《古诗十九首》里唱过•在花木兰的织机旁唱过•在姜夔的词里唱过•劳人听过•思妇听过12就是那只蟋蟀___余光中•就是那一只蟋蟀•在深山的驿道边唱过•在长城的烽台上唱过•在旅馆的天井中唱过•在战场的野草间唱过•孤客听过•伤兵听过就是那一只蟋蟀在你的记忆里唱歌在我的记忆里唱歌唱童年的惊喜唱中年的寂寞想起雕竹做笼想起呼灯篱落想起月饼想起桂花想起满腹珍珠的石榴果想起故园飞黄叶想起野塘剩残荷想起雁南飞想起田间一堆堆的草垛想起妈妈唤我们回去加衣裳想起岁月偷偷流去许多许多13就是那只蟋蟀___余光中•就是那一只蟋蟀•在海峡那边唱歌•在海峡这边唱歌•在台北的一条巷子里唱歌•在四川的一个乡村里唱歌•在每个中国人脚迹所到之处•处处唱歌•比最单调的乐曲更单调•比最谐和的音响更谐和•凝成水是露珠•燃成光是萤火•变成鸟是鹧鸪•啼叫在乡愁者的心窝就是那只蟋蟀在你的窗外唱歌你在倾听你在想念我在倾听我在吟哦你该猜到我在吟些什么我会猜到你在想些什么中国人有中国人的心态中国人有中国人的耳朵14EdwardTaylor:AGreatPuritanPoetEdwardTaylor(1642-1729)15EdwardTaylor:Contributions•AgreatPuritanpoetincolonialAmerica;•Ameditativepoet;metaphysicalpoems,reminiscentofJohnDonne,RichardCrashaw,andGeorgeHerbertintheearly17thcenturyEngland;•Oneofhishighlyreligiouspoemis“Huswifery”;hispoetryandthatofBradstreetrosetotheprofessionallevel.16EdwardTaylor:HuswiferyHuswifery•Makeme,OLord,thyspinningwheel（旋转的车轮）complete.•Thyholywordmydistaff（纺纱杆）makeforme.•Makemineaffectionsthyswiftflyers（飞行物）neat.•Andmakemysoulthyholyspool（一轴线）tobe.•Myconversationmaketobethyreel（卷筒）.•Andreeltheyarn（纱线）thereonspunofthywheel.17JonathanEdwards:TheCountry'slastMedievalManJonathanEdwards(1703-1758)18JonathanEdwards:PositionandEducation•Apreacherandtheologian,graduatedfromYaleUniversity,andthepresidentofNewJerseyUniversity(laterPrincetonUniversity)inthelastyearofhislife.•HisimportanceismoreseeninhisPuritanicaldoctrines;arepresentativeoftheidealisticaspectofAmericanPuritanismandanemblemoftheCalvinistbeliefsandtenets.19JonathanEdwards:PositionandEducation•HewasprobablythelastgreatvoicethatwasheardinAmericatoreasserttheCalviniststance;bornintoandbroughtupinaveryreligiousenvironment,noonecouldbemorereligiousandpiousthanhim.•WhatEdwardstriedtodoinhislifetimewastoreinstateinhispreachingsuchCalvinistideasasthepowerofGod,thedepravityofmanandman’sneedtocommunicatewiththeHolySpirit(God)toreceiveGod’sgrace.20HeholdsthatGodisthesourceofallbeing,thesubstanceofalllife.GodcreatedtheworldoutofHimselfbydiffusingHimselfintotimeandspace.GodmanifestsHimselfinnatureandman,andman,beingapartofGod,isdivine.JonathanEdwardsandReligion21Inaword,Godisomnipotentandimmanent.HisideasasserteddeepinfluenceupontheTranscendentalistdoctrinesofsuchgreatTranscendentalistsasEmerson,andinthissense,hewasaforerunnerofNewEnglandTranscendentalisminthe19thcentury.OfEdwards’writingsthefamouswhichrevealEdwards’doctrinesare“PersonalNarrative”and“SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGod.”JonathanEdwards:Contributions22JonathanEdwards:PersonalNarrative•ThestructureofPersonalNarrative•I