Edgar-Allan-Poe-介绍

(January19,1809–October7,1849)埃德加·爱伦·坡EdgarAllanPoeThisdaguerreotypeofPoewastakenin1848whenhewas39,ayearbeforehisdeath•Born:January19,1809)Boston,Massachusetts,U.S.•Died:October7,1849)(aged40)Baltimore,Maryland,U.S.•Nationality:American•Spouse(s):VirginiaElizaClemmPoeAchievementsEdgarAllanPoewasanAmericanauthor,poet,editorandliterarycritic,consideredpartoftheAmericanRomanticMovement.Bestknownforhistalesofmysteryandthemacabre,PoewasoneoftheearliestAmericanpractitionersoftheshortstoryandisconsideredtheinventorofthedetectivefictiongenre.Heisfurthercreditedwithcontributingtotheemerginggenreofsciencefiction.Hewasthefirstwell-knownAmericanwritertotrytoearnalivingthroughwritingalone,resultinginafinanciallydifficultlifeandcareer.LifeExperience•Poe'schildhood:HewasborninBoston,bothparentsdiedwithintwoyearsafterhisbirth,takenintothehomeofJohnAllaninVirginia,hadanunhappyrelationshipwithhisfosterfather•Poe'syouth:HeattendedtheUniversityofVirginiaforonesemesterbutleftduetolackofmoney.LifeExperience•Astrugglingwriter:aIn1831,Hesubmittedstoriestomanyofmagazinesandtheywereallrejected.bIn1835,Edgarfinallygotajobasaneditorofanewspaper.cIn1840,hestartedhiswritingcareerandpublishedhisfirstdetectivestory.dIn1843,Hetriedtostartamagazinebutfailedandhecouldbarelymakealiving.LifeExperience•Finaldays:aHiswifediedin1847,10daysafterhisbirthday.bAfterlosinghiswife,Poecollapsedfromstressandwasalsoinpoorhealth.cHediedinOctober7,1849withsomeuncertainreasons.LifeExperienceamiserablechildhoodwasadoptedbyJohnAllananunhappyrelationshipenteredtheUniversitybutdidn’tfinishwenttoWestPointbutwasdismissedat27hemarriedhis13-year-oldcousinherdeathin1847lefthimabittererlifediedinmysteriouscircumstances,in1849Mainworks•Gothic（歌特）story（‘哥特式’小说的意义首先在于：它虽然采取了不合理的怪诞形式，还是企图反映正在形成的资本主义社会纠缠不清的复杂现实。它对继起的文学作品的影响正和这一点有关系。神秘、怪诞、痛苦的恐怖，以及其他类似的特点，在浪漫主义作家的作品中得到发展。他们继承了‘恐怖神秘’小说所包含的社会批判的成分，并且把它们深刻化。他们也采用了以哲学理解来处理怪诞成分的手法。”——阿尼克斯特《英国文学史纲》）•Detectivestory•PoetryGothicStoryaTheMasqueoftheRedDeath（红死病的假面舞会）bTheFalloftheHouseofUsher（厄舍古厦的倒塌）cTheAngeloftheOdd（奇怪天使）dTheDevilintheBelfry（钟楼魔影）eTheOvalPortrait(椭圆形画像）fTheManThatWasUsedUp（被用光的人）gKingPest（瘟疫王）DetectiveStoryaThouArttheMan（你就是凶手）bThePurloinedLetter(被窃之信)cTheMysteryofMarieRoget(玛丽·罗杰疑案)dTheMurdersintheRueMorgue(莫格街谋杀案)fTheGold-Bug(金甲虫)gTheOblongBox（长方形箱子）PoetryaToHelen(致海伦)bToOneinParadise（致乐园中的一位）cTheSleeper(睡美人)dTheValleyofUnrest(不安的山谷)fTheCityintheSea(海中之城)gSilence,aSonnet(十四行诗）——静hTheRaven（乌鸦）IIIHistoricalposition(I)HeisoneofthemostfamousAmericanPoets,fictionistsandliteraturecritics.(II)Heisoneoftheforefathersofdetectivestory,sciencefiction,horrorfiction,andthemasterofshortGothicstory.(III)HehaveprofoundinfluenceonmanywriterssuchasConanDoyle(柯南.道尔）,EdogawaRampo(江户川乱步）andsoon.(IIII)EdgarAllanPoe（埃德加.爱伦坡）sharethereputationwithAnnBrucebulls(安布鲁斯·布尔斯)andHowardPhillipsLovecraft（洛夫克拉夫特）asthemostfamousthreehorrorfictionists.ashortstorywriterapoetacriticthegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistime“(Shaw’sevaluationofPoe'sachievement)hispoetryis“exquisitelyrefined“(精致优雅)histalesarecompleteworksofartPoeisagreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofinsightHistheoryforshortstory--clarity1.Theshortstorymustbeofsuchlengthastobereadatonesitting(brevity),soastoensurethetotalityofimpression.2.Theveryfirstsentenceoughttohelptobringoutthe“singleeffect”ofthestory.3.Nowordshouldbeusedwhichdoesnotcontributetothe“pre-established”designofthework(compression).4.Ataleshouldrevealsomelogicaltruthwith“thefullestsatisfaction”andshouldendwiththelastsentence,leavingasenseoffinalitywiththereader.(acertaindecision某种结局）Shortstoryshouldbeofbrevity,totality,singleeffect,compression(压缩)andfinality.Histheoryofpoetry1.Hispoetictheoriesareremarkableintheirclarity.2.Thepoemshouldbeshort,readableatonesitting(oraslongas“TheRaven”).3.Itschiefaimisbeauty,namely,toproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereader，topureone’ssoul.4.Melancholyisthemostlegitimateofallthepoetictones.5.Poetrydoesnothavetoinculcateamoral.6.Theartistryofthepoemliesnotinwhatisbeingsaidbutinwhatwayitissaid.(formissuperiortocontent)7.stressesmusicalqualityofverseanddefinestruepoetryas“rhythmicalcreationofbeauty.”InfluencePoeandhisworksinfluencedliteratureintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld,aswellasinspecializedfields,suchascosmologyandcryptography.Poeandhisworkappearthroughoutpopularcultureinliterature,music,films,andtelevision.Anumberofhishomesarededicatedmuseumstoday.