Composing-Essayss英文写作

ComposingEssaysCriteriaofagoodcompositionTheideaisinterestingandimportant,ifpossible,itshouldbenew.Theideaisexpressedclearly,accurately,andappropriately.ItiswellorganizedReadthefollowingexample:ToBeInformedandtoBeEnlightenedGettingmoreinformationislearning,andsoiscomingtoundersatndwhatyoudidnotundersatndbefore.Butthereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthesetwokindsoflearning.Tobeinformedistoknowsimplythatsomethingisthecase.Tobeenlightenedistoknow,inaddition,whatitisallabout:whyitisthecase,whatitsconnectionsarewithotherfacts,inwhatrespectsitisthesame,inwhatrespectsitisdifferent,andsoforth.Thisdistinctionisfamiliarintermsofthedifferencesbetweenbeingabletoremembersomethingandbeingabletoexplainit.Ifyourememberwhatanauthorsays,youhavelearnedsomethingfromreadinghim.Ifwhathesaysistrue,youhaveevenlearnedsomethingabouttheworld.Butwhetheritisafactaboutthebookorafactabouttheworldthatyouhavelearnt,youhavegainednothingbutinformationifyouhaveexerciesedonlyyourmemory.Youhavenotbeenenlightened.Enlightmentisachievedonlywhen,inadditiontoknowingwhatanauthorsays,youknowwhathemeansandwhyhesaysit.Itistrue,ofcourse,thatyoushouldbeabletorememberwhattheauthorsaidandknowwhathemeantaswell.Beinginformedisprerequisite（前提）tobeingenlightened.Thepoint,however,isnottostopatbeinginformed.[Analysis]1.Itisaboutsomethingwearefamiliarwith.Butitarousedourinterestandattractedourattentionbecauseitexplainsadifferencemanyofusarenotquiteawareof.Wefindwhatwewriteshouldbenotonlyinformative,butalsoenlighteningandinstructive.2.Theideasareexpressedclearly,accurately,andappropriately.Thecentralideaisstatedinthefirstparagraph:thereisanimportantdifferencebetweenbeinginformedandbeingenlightened.Inthenextthreeparagraphs,theygoontodiscussthedifference,illustratethedistinctionwithanexample,explaintherelationshipbetweenthetwo,andthenwindupabriefandforcefulconclusion---Thepoint…..Isnottostopatbeinginformed.3.Thewritingiswellorganized.Eachparagraphhasitsownideaandiscloselyrelatedtotheneighboringparagraphs.Withintheparagraphitself,theauthorsuseparallelstructuresandrepetitiontoconnectthesentences.4.Wecanseethatthewriter’spurposeistotellpeoplenottobesatisfiedwithsimplybeinginformedbutthattheyshouldgoonlearninguntiltheyareenlightened.Astheyhaveinmindageneralaudience,thewriterusemostlycommonwords.Sobeforewewrite,wemustdecideonthepurposeandaudienceofourwritingandtrytoadaptthestyleandlanguagetosuitourpurposeandaudience.StepsinWritingaComposition1.Planningacomposition1)Puttingdownalltherelevantfacts2)Thinkingofaproperthemeanddecidingonyourpurpose3)Re-examingyourlistofdetailsandoutliningTOPICSENTENCE:TransportationinPortlandisnotadequateforpeoplewhodonotownacar.Publictransportationveryfewbusesalwayscrowdedrarelyontimelimitedschedulesveryfewtaxisonlyavailablefrom7a.m.to6p.m.veryexpensivelongwaitsPrivatetransportationbicyclesinadequatebicyclelanesdangeronthemainstreetsskateboardsorrollerbladesdifficulttolearnexpensivetopurchaseonfootinefficientinalargetowndifficultinbadweatherConcludingSentence:Thesolutiontotheseproblemsissimple:ifyoudon’townacar,don’tcometoPortland!TypesofoutlineSentenceoutline(pp.126-127)Title:Thesis:Onesentencewithconrollingidea)I.IntroductionII.BodyIII.ConclusionExampleatp.128TopicoutlinePP.127-128RulesforwritingoutlinesThetwooutlinesabovefollowtheserules:(1)Ifthereisamajorpointmarked“I”,theremustbeatleastanothermarked“II”;ifthereisan“A”,theremustbea“B”,andsoon.(2)Atopicoutlineiswritteninnounphrase,andasentenceoutline,insentences.Sentencesandphrasesarenotusedtogetherinthesameoutline.(3)Parallelstructuresareusedfortheheadingsofthesamerank.Subheadsoflikerankareofequalimportanceandarerelatedtotheheadingandarrangedinlogicalorder.(4)Thethesisisacompletedeclarativesentence,usuallyintheaffirmative.Itisnotaquestion,aphrase,oradependentclause,butonesentencewhichexpressesourcontrollingidea.Task1atp.129Task3atp.130Task:TeamworkGeneraltopic:Beauty1)Puttingdownalltherelevantfacts2)Thinkingofaproperthemeanddecidingonyourpurpose3)Re-examingyourlistofdetailsandoutliningCriteriaofagoodcompositionTheideaisinterestingandimportant,ifpossible,itshouldbenew.Theideaisexpressedclearly,accurately,andappropriately.Itiswellorganized:AssignmentforpresentationTopicThesisstatementOutline:sentence/topic1.Planningacomposition2.Writingthefirstdraft3.Revisingthefirstdraft4.MakingthefinalcopyAssignmentIatp.132.ThreeMainPartsofaCompositionI.ThebeginningThebeginningrousethereaders’interestanddrawstheirattentiontothesubjectmatterofthepaperand/orprovidesnecessarybackgroundinformation.ThreeMainPartsofaCompositionPossiblewaystobeginapaper(p.153)1.Relevantbackgroundmaterial2.Thetimeandplaceoftheeventtobedescribed3.Aquotation4.Aquestion5.Astatement6.Figuresofstatistics….7.AdefinitionThreeMainPartsofaCompositionII.Themiddle/bodyThemiddlepresentsclearlyandlogicallythewriter’sfactsandideas.Thebodyofapaperoftenconsistsofseveralparagraphsarrangedinsomekindoforder.BODYPARAGRAPH1—Thisoftenbeginswithatransitionwordorwordslike“First”or“Thefirstofthesereasons”andgi