北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征

3。2012。[1]。10-11。NH3[2]。、《》2014-05-102014-06-202012ZX07203-001-011969-、[e-mail]*[e-mail]。EnvironmentalScience&Technology38320153Vol.38No.3Mar.2015*100037PM2.5。20124.43t。20.4%。8.9t/km2、、、、、2.70t/km2。37.8%37.3%。。X32Adoi10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2015.03.0301003-6504(2015)03-0159-04DistributionCharacteristicsofAmmoniaEmissionfromLivestockFarmingIndustryinBeijingPANTaoXUENiantao*SUNChanghongLIUGuizhongZHANGJun’eLIShanshanNationalEngineeringResearchCenterofUrbanEnvironmentalPollutionControlBeijingMunicipalResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalProtectionBeijing100037ChinaAbstractAmmoniaisanimportantprecursortoformfineparticulatesPM2.5.AverageforeignemissionfactorastheemissionfactordistributioncharacteristicsofammoniaemissionfromlivestockfarmingindustryinBeijingwasstudied.In201244.3thousandtonsofammoniawasproducedformlivestockfarmingindustryinBeijing.MaximumemissionwasinShunyiDistrictaccountingfor20.4%oftotalemission.OnlyasmallamountofcowwasfarmedinChaoyangDistrictandlesslivestockwerefarmedinHaidianDistrictandMentougouDistrictwasecologicalconservationinBeijingandfewammoniawereemittedinthetheredistricts.Themaximumemissionintensity8.9t/km2wasinShunyiDistrictfollowedbyDaxingDistrictPingguandMiyunCountywhilelessemissionintensitieswereinChaoyangDistrictMentougouDistrictFengtaiDistrictandHaidianDistrict.TheaverageammoniaemissionintensityinBeijingwas2.70t/km2.Mostammoniawasemittedfrombroilerbreedingupto37.8%oftotalemissionfollowedbythepigindustryaccountingfor37.3%.TheresultscouldprovideascientificbasisforammoniaandairpollutioncontrolespeciallyhazetreatmentinBeijing.Keywordslivestockfarmingammoniaemissionemissionfactordistributioncharacteristics38。。1997PM2.5[3]。SO42-、NO3-、NH4+PM2.5[4]NO3-、NH4+。[5]。[6]PM2.5[7]。。N、[8]。ClarisseL[9]39%19%17%13%7%。[10]。1980[11]PM2.5。PM2.5[12]。McCubbin[13]10%40。199962.3%[14]。、[15]。。1、、、、、、、、、、、102。1.1。2012。。1.21a。。。、、、[16]、、[17]。[18]。1。1Table1AmmoniaemissionfactorsinlivestockfarmingindustrykgNH3/animal-a[7][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]2.256.45.929.24.84.84.85.413.1~552831.039.717.419.4~24.84028.5292729.418.639.710.09.5~9.92814.3146.816.70.10.10.410.601.240.320.380.450.220.430.10.10.170.240.180.270.280.230.220.2022.120121。20124.43t。20.4%。。32.8%。、、。。32.220122。、、。、、、。。、、3。、、、3。NH32.70t/km2。[21]2005NH31.05t/km2NH36.45t/km2、、、、、、NH32t/km2。。[16]2006NH32.95t/km2NH32.54t/km2NH33.02t/km2NH35.00t/km2NH34.30t/km2NH30.195t/km2NH30.591t/km2。2.320124。37.8%8400。43.4%[30]。37.3%。“”。2012300014.9kg4.2kg4.0kg61.5%。、、。33820124.43t。20.4%。NH38.9t/km2、、、、、NH32.70t/km2。。37.8%37.3%。[][1].[J].2013134117-121.[2]GallowayJamesNDianwuZhaoThomsonVivianEetal.NitrogenmobilizationintheUnitedStatesofAmericaandthePeople'sRepublicofChina[J].AtmosphericEnvironment.19963010/111551-1561.[3]BarnardWR.DevelopmentofaNationalEmissionInventorytoSupportRevisionoftheParticulateNationalAmbientAirQualityStandard[Z].TorontoCanada1997.[4].PM2.5[J].2009321166-71.[5]ChitjianMarkMansellGerard.AnImprovedAmmoniaInven－toryfortheWRAPDomain[R].WRAPEmissionsForum2003.[6]McNaughtonDanielJVetRobertJ.Eulerianmodelevalua－tionfieldstudyEMEFSasummaryofsurfacenetworkmeasurementsanddataquality[J].AtmosphericEnvironment1996302227-238.[7]PinderRobertWStraderRossDavidsonCliffetal.Am－moniaEmissionsfromDairyFarmsDevelopmentofaFarmModelandEstimationofEmissionsfromtheUnitedStates[R].WashingtonUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionA－gency2003.[8]LiuXuejunZhangYingHanWenxuanetal.EnhancednitrogendepositionoverChina[J].Nature20134947438459-462.[9]ClarisseLievenClerbauxCathyDentenerFranketal.Globalammoniadistributionderivedfrominfraredsatelliteobservations[J].NatureGeoscience200927479-483.[10]vanBreemenNBurroughPAVelthorstEJetal.Soilacidificationfromatmosphericammoniumsulphateinforestcanopythroughfall[J].Nature19822995883548-550.[11]WardPeterL.Sulfurdioxideinitiatesglobalclimatechangeinfourways[J].ThinSolidFilms2009517113188-3203.[12]PinderRobertWAdamsPeterJPandisSpyrosN.Ammo－niaemissioncontrolsasacost-effectivestrategyforreducingatmosphericparticulatematterintheeasternUnitedStates[J].EnvironmentalScience&Technology2007412380-386.[13]McCubbinDonaldRApelbergBenjaminJRoeStephenetal.Livestockammoniamanagementandparticulate-relatedhealthbenefits[J].EnvironmentalScience&Technology.20023661141-1146.[14].[J].200528170-71.[15].[D].2004.[16].1994-2006[J].20103171457-1463.[17].[J].2012371085-88.WangPing.Estimationonanthropogenicemissionsofammo－niainNantong[J].EnvironmentalScienceandManagement2012371085-88.inChinese[18].[J].19971713-8.[19]AsmanWillemAH.AmmoniaemissioninEuropeUpdatedEmissionandEmissionVariations[R].BilthoventheNether－landsNationalInstituteofPublicHealthandEnvironmentalProtection1992.[20]BattyeWilliamAnejaVineyPRoellePaulA.Evaluationandimprovementofammoniaemissionsinventories[J].AtmosphericEnvironment200337273873-3883.[21].[D].2008.[22]FuJoshuaKimYunheeDavisWayneetal.QualityIm－provementforAmmoniaEmissionInventory[R].Washing－tonUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency2005.[23]BouwmanAFLeeDSAsmanWAHetal.Aglobalhigh-resolutionemissioninventoryforammonia