7.0-The-Post-War-American-Literature

Post–WarAmericanLiterature•WWⅡ:Americabecameprosperous•MarshallPlan马歇尔计划•Trumanism杜鲁门主义•NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织BackgroundColdWarHysteriaagainstcommunismTheageofconformityLiteratureinPostwarPeriod•AbouttheWar:•NormanMailer’s诺曼.梅勒TheNakedandtheDeadJosephHeller’sCatch-22•KurtVonnegut’sSlaughterhouseFive库尔特.冯内古特•ThomasPynchon’sGravityRainbow品钦《万有引力之虹》•Southernliterature:KatherineAnnPorterShipofFoolsEudoraWelty:TheGoldenApplesFlanneryO’Connor弗兰纳里.奥康纳•LiteratureinNewYorkSaulBellowTheAdventuresofAugieMarchSeizetheDay•J.D.Salinger’sTheCatherintheRyeTheBeatMovementBlackhumorJackKerouacHewasbornJean-LouisKerouacIn1922.HisparentswereFrenchCanadian,andconsequentlyyoungJacklearnedEnglishassecondlanguage.Atfour,hisbelovedbrotherGerarddiedofafever,andithadaprofoundimpactonJack.JackwasraisedinLowell,Massachusetts,andwasagiftedathleteasayouth,earninghimascholarshiptoColumbiaUniversity.JackKerouacAfterbeingdischargedfromtheNavy,JackroamedtheUnitedStatesandMexico,bycarandbuswhenpossible,butalsobyhitchhikingandasanillegalpassengerontrains.Itwastheseexperiences,aswellasafriendshipwithNealCassadythatwouldprovidethematerialforhismostfamousnovel,OnTheRoad.ThoughhecompletedOnTheRoadintwodrugandcoffeefueledweeksin1948,itwouldnotbepublisheduntil1957.CassadyandKerouacOnTheRoadOnTheRoadisthefirsttimeKerouac’suniquestyleisrecognizable.Thekindoffree-flowingstreamofconsciousnesswritinghepromotedwasidentifiedas“spontaneousprose”.Thiswasbasedaroundthetheoryoffirstthought=bestthought,andbecauseofthisphilosophy,Kerouacrarelyeditedhiswork.Heexpoundsonhiswritingtechniqueinotherworks,JosephHellerJosephHeller(May1,1923–December12,1999)wasaUSsatiricalnovelist,shortstorywriter,andplaywright.HisbestknownworkisCatch-22,anovelaboutUSservicemenduringWorldWarII.Helleriswidelyregardedasoneofthebestpost–WorldWarIIsatirists.AlthoughheisrememberedprimarilyforCatch-22,hisotherworkscenteronthelivesofvariousmembersofthemiddleclassandremainexemplarsofmodernsatire.Novels第22条军规》（Catch-22，1961)《出了毛病》又译《出事了》（SomethingHappened，1974)Shortstories《多多益善》（CatchAsCatchCan:TheCollectedStoriesandOtherWritings，2003)Plays《我们轰炸纽黑文》（WeBombedinNewHaven，1967)《第22条军规》（Catch22，1973)Screenplays《性与单身女郎》(SexandtheSingleGirl，1964)《皇家赌场》(DirtyDingusMagee，1970)——未搬上银幕Autobiographies《不可儿戏》（NoLaughingMatter，1986)《彼时此刻》（NowAndThen，1998)WorksSaulBellow1915-2005AShortSummary•acclaimedAmericanwriterofRussian-Jewishorigin.HewontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1976andtheNationalMedalofArtsin1988.•Bellow'snovelsinvestigateisolation,spiritualdissociation,andthepossibilitiesofhumanawakening.BellowdrewinspirationfromChicago,hishometown,andhesetmuchofhisfictionthere.Hisworksexhibitamixofhighandlowculture,andhisfictionalcharactersarealsoapotentmixofintellectualdreamersandstreet-smartconfidencemen.HisbestknownnovelsareTheAdventuresofAugieMarch,Herzog,andHumboldt'sGift.AmyLuthTan(1952-)Parents•Father,John,anelectricalengineerandBaptistministerfromBeijingwhofledthecountryfortheUS.•Mother,Daisy,whohadbeeninanarrangedmarriage,wastryingtofleewithJohn.–Captured,rapedandthrownintojailbeforeshewasabletoescape.–Hadtoleaveherdaughterswiththeirfather.Marriage•1974,married“theboyfriend”LouisDeMattei,towhomshe’sstillmarried.•NowliveinSanFranciscoandNewYork.TanandherhusbandProfessionalwriter•Duringtheearly1980sbecameafull-timefreelancewriter,oftenusingnon-Chinese-soundingpseudonymsinherwork.•VerysuccessfulMajorworks•TheJoyLuckClub《喜福会》1989,alsomadeintoafilm•KitchenGod’sWife《灶神之妻》1991•TheHundredSecretSenses1995《灵感女孩》•TheBonesetter’sDaughter2001《接骨师之女》Children’sworks•TheMoonLady1992《月亮娘娘》•Sagwa,TheChineseSiameseCat1994《中国暹罗猫》