笛福

DanielDefoe丹尼尔·笛福(1660-1731)LifeExperienceLiteraryCareerLiteraryPositionDanielDefoeLifeExperienceBorninLondon,thesonofabutcher.Afterschooling,hetravelledinSpain,Italy,France,andGermanyasamerchant.In1685,hetookpartintheDuckofMonmouth’srebellionagainstJamesⅡ.In1688,hejoinedWilliam’sarmyandsupportedthenewgovernment.In1692,hebecamebankrupt.In1703,hewasarrestedandputinprison.merchantsoldierstatesmanjournalistnovelistpamphleteerDefoe:Jack-of-all-tradesLiteraryCareerPamphlets•TheTrue-BornEnglishman(1701):•《纯血统的英国人》apamphletinverse•TheShortestWaywiththeDissenters(1702)《对待新教徒的捷径》Poem•HymmtothePillory《枷锁颂》Magazine•TheReview(1704-1713)《评论》Novels•RobisonCrusoe(1719)《鲁滨逊漂流记》•CaptainSingleton(1720)《辛格顿船长》•MollFlanders(1722)《莫尔弗兰德斯》•ColonelJack(1722)《杰克上校》•TheFortunateMistressRoxana(1724)《罗克萨娜》•AJournalofthePlagueYear(1722)《大疫年日记》辛格顿船长•探险小说，情节由辛格顿本人讲述。幼年遭绑架，之后开始航海。他在一次航行当中参加了船上的叛变活动，结果和同伙被遗弃在马达加斯加岛上。之后他克服重重困难登上了非洲的土地，经历了不少冒险，获得了不少黄金财富，但返英不久就将财富挥霍一空。他再次出海冒险，作为海盗历经西印度群岛、印度洋、中国海获取了大量财富，他将所得带回英国，最后与一个船员的妹妹结了婚。CaptainSingeton•Singletonisthenarratorofhisownstory.•Hehasbeenkidnappedinhisinfancyandsenttosea.HetakespartinamutinyduringthevoyageandidputashoreinMadagascarwithhiscomrades.•ThenhereachesthecontinentofAfricaandcrossesitfromeasttowest,encounteringmanyadventuresandobtainingmuchgold,whichhesquandersawayonhisreturntoEngland.•Hetakesoncemoretothesea,becomesapirate,carryingonhispiraciesintheWestIndies,theIndianOcean,andtheChinaSeas,acquiresgreatwealth,whichhebringshome,andfinallymarriesthesistersofashipmate.ColonelJacque•Jackisabondonedbyhisparentsandearlybecomeapickpocket.Hisprofessiongrowsdistastefultohim,andheenlists,butpresentlydesertstoavoidbeingsenttoserveinFlanders.•Heiskidnapped,senttoVirginia,andsoldtoaplanter.Hethenbecomesanoverseer,isgivenhisliberty,becomesaplanterhimself,andacquiresmuchwealth.•Hereturnshome,hasaseriesofmatrimonialadventures,butfinallyendsinprosperityandrepentance.陆军上校杰克•一部探险小说。杰克被父母遗弃，童年时期沦为扒手。后来因对自己的职业深感厌恶而应征入伍，但没多久为逃避去法兰德斯服役而当起了逃兵。之后他被人绑架到弗吉利亚，卖给了当地的一个种植园主。通过努力，杰克当了监工，获得了自由，自己也当上了种植园主，积累了大量财富。回到故乡之后，他经历了一系列婚姻方面的冒险，最终在富有的经济条件下带着忏悔的心情度过了余生。MollFlanders•MollFlandersisthedaughterofawomanwhohadbeentransportedtoVirginiafortheftsoonafterherchild’sbirth.•Moll,abandonedinEngland,isbroughtupinthehouseofastranger.Thestoryrelatesherseduction,hersubsequentmarriagesandliaisons,andhervisittoVirginia,whereshefindshermotheranddiscoversthatshe(Moll)hasunwittinglymarriedherownbrother.LeavinghimandreturningtoEngland,sheispresentlyreducedtopoverty.•Shebecomesanextremelysuccessfulpickpocketandthief,butisdetectedandtransportedtoVirginia,incompanywithoneofherformerhusbands,ahighwayman.•Withthefundsthateachhasamassed,theysetupasplanters,andMollnowfindsthatshehasinheritedaplantationfromhermother.Sheandherhusbandspenttheirdecliningyearsinanatmosphereofpenitenceandprosperity.摩尔弗兰德斯•以自传的形式写成。摩尔的母亲是一个刚生育女儿不久就因偷窃被遣送到弗吉利亚的惯偷。摩尔被她扔在英国由别人抚养长大。小说讲述了主人公摩尔被诱奸之后的多次婚姻以及与人通奸的故事。摩尔后来到了弗吉利亚找到了母亲却意外发现自己嫁给了自己的亲哥哥。她离开丈夫回到英国，不久就陷入了贫困的境地。后来她成了一个相当成功的扒手和小偷，但被人识破并遣送到了弗吉利亚，同行的还有她的前夫之一，一个拦路抢劫者。用双方积累下来的钱财摩尔同前夫建立了种植园，成了种植园主。这时她又从亡母那继承了一个种植园。最后摩尔和她的丈夫在富有的经济条件下带着忏悔的心情度过了余生。Defoe'sLiteraryPosition1.oneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglishrealisticnovel2.atruerepresentativeoftheEnlightenment3.arepresentativeofNeoclassicisminliterature4.Thefatheroffreetrade:“自由贸易之父”5.Thefatherofmodernjournalism:现代新闻之父•I.Definitionofnovel•Novel:alongnarrativeinliteraryprose,havingmanycharactersandoftenacomplexplot.•Novelsofthe18thcenturywerewrittenaboutmiddleclassbymiddleclassformiddleclass’seducationNovelGenresofaNovelHorrorRomanceDetectivesciencefictionadventureHistoricalNovelMajorelementsofnovelcharacterthemelanguageplotsettingExercises•1.Hisbest-knownpamphletwas_______________________.•2.In1719,Defoepublishedhis______________,thebookwhichmakeshimimmortal.•3.Novelisalongnarrativeinliteraryprose,havingmany__________andoftena________plot.•4.Hismostinterestingnovelsare______________,____________,_____________.•5._____________iswrittenintheformofautobiography.TheTrue-BornEnglishmanRobisonCrusoecharacterscomplexCaptainSingletonMollFlandersColonelJackMollFlanders