非谓语动词语法详解

非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive不定式（todo)Gerund动名词(doing)Participle分词(-ing分词，-ed分词）Structure:tobedoneInfinitive（不定式）:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice（被动）:被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式TenseandVoice（时态与语态）tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone----------tohavebeendoing----------todotobedone主动语态1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作补语5.作定语6.作状语在句中承担的成分:7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用(1).主语Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apity…todo.Ittakessb+timetodo.isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2).表语PredicativeMyjobisYourtask______________(努力学习).istostudyhardToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.Everyonewantstogetagoodjobinthefuture.(3)宾语Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+todoliketodomanagetodothinkconsiderfindmakefeel形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。Ihopetohearfromyousoon.5.我决定不留下来。Idecidednottostay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Studentsthought______________________.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.itinterestingtoplaycomputergames.it+adj.+todo巩固练习2Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).补语Complement五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.8.医生建议他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodoImadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodo1.Hewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.A.fallB.tofallC.fallingD.fallen1改错:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohiswork(5).定语Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)Heislookingfor__________.（一间可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.2.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopicstobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedaboutthe2010Expo.（没有什么可担心的）aroomtoliveinIcameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表结果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.enough…to,too…to,onlyto,etc.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.3.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21题巩固练习翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In1935helefthomenevertoreturn.(7).独立结构•tobefrank,•tobehonest,•totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.•who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)8.不定式与疑问词连用:注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作补语5.作定语6.作状语在句中承担的成分:7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/在它之后发生.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)•关于时态1.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.(01年高考)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold巩固练习33.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave•关于省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?A.I’dliketoB.I’dliketogoYes,_______.A.I’dliketobe.B.I’dliketo.Yes,______.1.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto巩固练习4不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbut____.(cry)(2).Ihavenochoicebut____.(go)(3).Whatdoyoulike____besides____.(do,sleep)crytogotodosleep•固定句型:hadbetter+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）注意以下几种情况不定式的用法*在thefirst,thesecond…，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom．*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth．*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：(√)Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．(×)Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．(√)Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen．*soastodo一般不放在句首。(√)Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus．(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning．•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.（作主语）(作宾