农业水资源利用范文

想到这里，他立即带上两个测工，肩扛手拎着仪器，硬是徒步走到了现场。sectionoftheDepartmentofprojectmanagement;Projectdocumentsandinformation:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Materialsandequipment:materialsupplyprojects;Securitycontrols:theprojectDepartmentofsafetyandsecurity;Constructionmachinery:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Financial:ProjectManagementDepartmentoffinance;Securityandfireservices:projectsecurity.3.3.5managementrepresentativeandprojectmanagerinthisitemspecifiesthattheChiefEngineeristhemanagementrepresentative,responsiblefortheoperationofqualitymanagementsystemandsupervision,regardlessofhowhisotherresponsibilities,shouldhaveaclearmandateto:ensurethatthequalitymanagementsystemisimplementedandmaintained;Therunningofthequalitymanagementsystemtotheprojectmanager,includingneededimprovements;Alwaysbeawarethatthecustomer'sneedsandrequirements.3.43.4.1projectmanagementreviewshouldbeanannualreviewofitsqualitymanagementsystemtoensureitscontinuingsuitability,adequacyandeffectiveness.3.4.2Administrationreviewbytheprojectmanagerresponsiblefororganizationandimplementation,projectqualitycontrolDepartmentisresponsibleforspecifictasks.3.4.3themanagementreviewshouldcompareandevaluatethefollowinginput:internalandexternalqualityauditsandcorrectiveeffect;Customerfeedbackontheconstruction,installation,commissioning,serviceinformation(complaintsandsatisfaction);Qualityrecords,qualitycompliancewithtrendreports,analysisofresults;Combinedwiththequalitypolicyandtheachievementofthegoals,statusandsuitabilityevaluationofthequalitymanagementsystemtodeterminecorrective,preventiveandimprovementmeasuresofperformance.3.4.4evaluationmethodandprocedure(1)review:bytheprojectmanager,projectmanager,functionaldepartmentsandheadsofspecialized农业水资源利用【绪论】1、简述我国水资源状况与发展灌溉的关系。我国水资源不足、旱涝灾害频繁发生，水土资源分布和组合很不平衡，各地作物组成和农业生产条件差异很大。全国分为多年平均降水量小于400mm的常年灌溉地带、年均降水量大于400mm小于1000mm的不稳定灌溉地带、年均降水量大于1000mm的水稻灌溉地带三个地带。2、农田水分布有哪几种形式？其对植物的生长有效性如何？农田土壤水分存在形式：固态、液态、汽态。液态水是土壤水分存在的主要形式，分为吸着水、毛管水、重力水3类。吸着水作物一般不能利用，重力水可被作物吸收利用，但易流失。3、造成农田水分布不足与过多的原因与控制措施？1）、农田水分不足的原因A、降水量不足B、降雨入渗量少，径流损失较多C、土壤保水能力差，渗漏及蒸发失水量大调节措施：灌溉，采用适当的农业技术措施，改善土壤结构2）、农田水分过多的原因A、大气降水补给农田水分过多B、洪灾、涝灾、泽害C、地下水位过高，或因地下水从坡地溢出D、地势低洼，导流条件不好调节措施：2-1防止高地地表径流和地下径流向低地汇集2-2加速地表、地下径流的导出2-3排出滞留在作物根系薪水曾土壤中的过多水分2-4改善土壤结构，提高土壤通气透水性能4、简述推广节水灌溉的重要意义。4-1我国水资源供需矛盾日趋尖锐我国水资源分布极不均匀，人均持水量低于世界平均水平，工农业发展需水量需求量日益增大，且水污染严重4-2农业用水浪费严重，节水灌溉势在必行我国目前灌溉水的利用率很低，尚有较大发展潜力，水分生产率与世界先进水平还有很大差距5、简述节水农业技术体系、现状及发展趋势。节水农业体系：节水灌溉技术、农业节水技术以及节水管理技术和措施。现状及发展趋势：（一）渠道防渗工程技术大多数国家采用，用于渠道衬砌材料多为刚性材料、膜料和土料。我国的防渗发展速度较为缓慢（二）低压管道输水技术灌溉渠系管道化已成为各国共同的发展趋势（三）改进地面灌水技术当今世界大多数国家普遍采用（四）喷、微灌技术世界最先进的灌溉技术，发展方向为低压节能，多目标利用，标准化系列化（五）水稻节水灌溉技术我国大面积推广水稻的“薄、浅、湿、晒”控水灌溉技想到这里，他立即带上两个测工，肩扛手拎着仪器，硬是徒步走到了现场。sectionoftheDepartmentofprojectmanagement;Projectdocumentsandinformation:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Materialsandequipment:materialsupplyprojects;Securitycontrols:theprojectDepartmentofsafetyandsecurity;Constructionmachinery:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Financial:ProjectManagementDepartmentoffinance;Securityandfireservices:projectsecurity.3.3.5managementrepresentativeandprojectmanagerinthisitemspecifiesthattheChiefEngineeristhemanagementrepresentative,responsiblefortheoperationofqualitymanagementsystemandsupervision,regardlessofhowhisotherresponsibilities,shouldhaveaclearmandateto:ensurethatthequalitymanagementsystemisimplementedandmaintained;Therunningofthequalitymanagementsystemtotheprojectmanager,includingneededimprovements;Alwaysbeawarethatthecustomer'sneedsandrequirements.3.43.4.1projectmanagementreviewshouldbeanannualreviewofitsqualitymanagementsystemtoensureitscontinuingsuitability,adequacyandeffectiveness.3.4.2Administrationreviewbytheprojectmanagerresponsiblefororganizationandimplementation,projectqualitycontrolDepartmentisresponsibleforspecifictasks.3.4.3themanagementreviewshouldcompareandevaluatethefollowinginput:internalandexternalqualityauditsandcorrectiveeffect;Customerfeedbackontheconstruction,installation,commissioning,serviceinformation(complaintsandsatisfaction);Qualityrecords,qualitycompliancewithtrendreports,analysisofresults;Combinedwiththequalitypolicyandtheachievementofthegoals,statusandsuitabilityevaluationofthequalitymanagementsystemtodeterminecorrective,preventiveandimprovementmeasuresofperformance.3.4.4evaluationmethodandprocedure(1)review:bytheprojectmanager,projectmanager,functionaldepartmentsandheadsofspecialized术，发展朝向多种技术组合利用，实现节水、优质、高产、高效的目标6、简述节水农业生产分区的意义和类型。类型：丰产灌溉类型区、有限灌溉类型区、抗旱灌溉类型区及旱地农业类型区因地制宜推动节水农业健康持续发展的基础性工作【第一章】作物需水量和灌溉制度１、作物水分状况的判别指标有哪几类？有何意义？指标：含水量、叶水势、气孔开度、细胞液浓度指导农田灌溉的基础２、作物水分利用效率的表示方法有哪些？有何意义？表示方法：蒸腾效率、蒸腾蒸发效率３、水分亏缺对作物生长有哪些不利和有益作用？不利：A、影响作物的器官和个体发育B、影响作物的光合作用和呼吸作用C、影响作物的生化反应D、影响作物的碳水化合物的代谢和同化物的运输E、影响作物对矿物质的吸收有利：适量的水分亏缺有助于提高作物的产量，改善作物的品质４、辨析植物蒸腾、株间蒸发、潜在蒸发量、作物需水量、作物耗水量、田间需水量及田间耗水量之间的区别。植物蒸腾：作物根系从土壤中吸收水分，通过叶片的气孔扩散到大气中的现象。株间蒸发：植株间的土壤或田面水分蒸发。作物需水量：生长在大面积上无病虫害的作物，在最佳水肥等土壤条件和生长环境下，取得高产潜力所需满足的植株蒸腾和株间蒸发之和。农田耗水量：蒸发蒸腾量和田间渗漏量之和。５、什么是潜在腾发量？已知潜在腾发量如何推算实际作物在充分供水和非充分供水的需水量。潜在腾发量：土壤水分充足，底面完全覆盖、生长正常、高矮整齐的开阔绿草地的蒸发蒸腾量。６、灌溉制度？作物播种前及全生育期内的灌水次数，每次灌水的日期、灌水定额以及灌溉定额。非为丰产灌溉制度和节水灌溉制度。７、试述水稻节水灌溉的模式、