英语高考定语从句的化简

定语从句的简化定语从句的简化方法引言定语从句是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。为了使句子变得简洁，往往可以把从句简化为短语，这也是句型转换常考的重点之一。定语从句简化的方法常见的有以下几种：Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience1.定语从句转换成不定式短语。定语从句中的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词时，往往可把从句转化为不定式短语，从句中的情态动词可以省略，不定式的逻辑主语也可省略，但介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句转换成不定式短语时，关系代词可省略，介词不可省。例如：AforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscienceThisisthebestthingthatwecandoinmemoryofourbelovedteacher.→Thisisthebestthingtodoinmemoryofourbelovedteacher.ThenexttrainwhichwillarriveisfromBeijing.→ThenexttraintoarriveisfromBeijing.Heisagoodpersonwithwhomyoucanwork.→Heisagoodpersontoworkwith.Haveyouanythingthatyouwanttosayatthemeeting?→Haveyouanythingtosayatthemeeting?AforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscienceThereissomethingelsethattheycando.TheT-shirtwhichhissisterboughtforhimisverynice→Thereissomethingelseforthemtodo.→TheT-shirtboughtforhimisverynice---Doyouhaveanythingelsethatyouwanttobuyintheshop?→Doyouhaveanythingelsetobuyintheshop?Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience2.定语从句转换成分词短语。如果定语从句中的谓语动词是主动语态，用现在分词短语来替换从句；如果定语从句中的谓语动词是被动语态，则用过去分词短语来替换从句。如：ThemanwhoisstandingoverthereismyEnglishteacher.→ThemanstandingoverthereismyEnglishteacher.Yesterdaywehadameetingwhichlastedtwohours.→Yesterdaywehadameetinglastingtwohours.AforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscienceTheboywhostandsagainstthedoorishisyoungerbrother.→Theboystandingagainstthedoorishisyoungerbrother.Thedictionarywhichmymotherboughtformeisveryuseful.→Thedictionaryboughtformebymymotherisveryuseful.Thebookswhichwerewrittenbyhimareverypopular.→Thebookswrittenbyhimareverypopular.AforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscienceThegirlwhoissittingunderthetreeismybestfriend.TheT-shirtwhichhissisterboughtforhimisverynice.---TheT-shirtboughtforhimbyhissisterisverynice.---Thegirlsittingunderthetreeismybestfriend.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience3.定语从句转换从形容词短语。如果定语从句中的表语是形容词短语，可把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去，使其转化成形容词短语。Ihavebrokentheglasswhichwasfullofmilk.→Ihavebrokentheglassfullofmilk.Shereceivedaboxwhichwasfullofgifts.→Shereceivedaboxfullofgifts.Severalpeopleranoutoftheroomwhichwasfullofsmoke.→Severalpeopleranoutoftheroomfullofsmoke.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience4.定语从句转换成名词短语。如果定语从句中的表语是名词短语，可以把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去，使其转化成名词短语。如：Lilei,whoisachildofonlyten,hastodoalotofhomework.→Lilei,achildofonlyten,hastodoalotofhomework.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience5.定语从句转换成介词短语。如果定语从句中的表语是介词短语，可以把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去，用介词短语作定语。如：Inourschooltherearelotsofstudentswhoarefromthecountryside.→Inourschooltherearelotsofstudentsfromthecountryside.Thebookswhichlieunderthebedaren'tworthreading.→Thebooksunderthebedaren'tworthreading.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience6.定语从句转换成单个形容词或分词。如果定语从句中作表语的是单个的形容词、现在分词或过去分词，常可把这个形容词或分词放在所修饰的前面作定语。如：Thechildwhoissleepingismylittlebrother.→Thesleepingchildismylittlebrother.Themanwholookedtiredstoppedtohavearest.→Thetiredmanstoppedtohavearest.Thepicturethatlookedbeautifulwastakenbymyfather.→Thebeautifulpicturewastakenbymyfather.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience7.把定语从句变成不定式复合结构作定语。例如：Isthereanythingelsethatwecando?→Isthereanythingelseforustodo?Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience8.可以把表明身份、职业等非限定性定语从句简化为同位语结构。例如：LaoZhang,whowasourhospitaldriver,diedyesterday.→LaoZhang,ourhospitaldriver,diedyesterday.Theoldman,whoisafamousscientist,scomingtogiveusareport.→Theoldman,afamousscientist,iscomingtogiveusareport.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience请用定语从句的简化表达法化简：1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartythatwillbegiveninourclassat7:45.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.Moreexamplesbelow.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience（1）Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?（2）The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.（3）Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?（4）Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.（5）Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.（6）GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.（7）TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”,runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.AforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscienceAforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience简化宾语从句常用六法在各类考试中，同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.Aforeignlanguageisabridgetofriendshipandscience方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoop