肠道菌群与代谢疾病ppt课件

肠道菌群与代谢疾病目录•肠道菌群与健康和疾病概述•肠-脑轴•肠-肝轴•肠道菌群与代谢性疾病：肥胖、糖尿病•肠道菌群与肠病•肠道菌群与免疫•肠道菌群与其它疾病•革命带来的挑战和机遇悄悄发生的革命INNASEKIROV,etal.,GutMicrobiotainHealthandDisease.PhysiolRev90:859–904,2010;一篇值得关注的综述Naturereviews.Microbiology最新的影响因子为22.490(2013)人菌共生KristinaHarris,etal.,IstheGutMicrobiotaaNewFactorContributingtoObesityandItsMetabolicDisorders?JournalofObesity,Volume2012,p1-14.人肠道菌群种类和数量EAMONNM.M.QUIGLEYandRODRIGOQUERA,SmallIntestinalBacterialOvergrowth:RolesofAntibiotics,Prebiotics,andProbiotics.GASTROENTEROLOGY2006;130:S78–S90好细菌和坏细菌菌群是健康的核心NathalieM.Delzenne,etal.,Targetinggutmicrobiotainobesity:effectsofprebioticsandprobiotics.Nat.Rev.Endocrinol.7,639–646(2011).肠道菌群对人生理的影响肠道菌群-代谢产物-功能JeremyK.Nicholsonetal.,Host-GutMicrobiotaMetabolic.Science336,1262-1267,2012.影响肠道菌群的因素NathalieM.Delzenne&PatriceD.Cani,InteractionBetweenObesityandtheGutMicrobiota:RelevanceinNutrition.Annu.Rev.Nutr.2011.31:15–31.影响肠道菌群的因素肠-脑轴/脑-肠轴•GermFree(GF)MiceDisplayIncreasedMotorActivityandReducedAnxiety-LikeBehavior.•resultssuggestthatthemicrobialcolonizationprocessinitiatessignalingmechanismsthataffectneuronalcircuitsinvolvedinmotorcontrolandanxietybehavior.肠-脑轴的概念AugustoJ.Montiel-Castro,etal.,Themicrobiota–gut–rainaxis:neurobehavioralcorrelates,healthandsociality.FrontinIntegNeuro.Oct2013|Vol7|Article70|1-16.脑-肠轴/肠-脑轴：迷走神经SueGrenham,etal.,Brain–gut–microbecommunicationinhealthanddisease.FrontiersinPhysio.GastrointSciDec2011Vol2p1-15.肠脑轴/脑肠轴Q.AZIZ,etal.,Gutmicrobiotaandgastrointestinalhealth:currentconceptsandfuturedirections.NeurogastroenterolMotil(2013)25,4–15.菌群影响神经功能EamonnM.M.Quigley.Dopatientswithfunctionalgastrointestinaldisordershaveanalteredgutflora?TherAdvGastroenterol(2009)2(Suppl1)S23–S30.菌群紊乱致焦虑和抑郁JaneA.FosterandKaren-AnneMcVeyNeufeld,Gut–brainaxis:howthemicrobiomeinfluencesanxietyanddepression.TrendsinNeurosciences,May2013,Vol.36,No.5,P305-312精神活动影响肠道菌群JasonA.Hawrelak&StephenP.Myers,TheCausesofIntestinalDysbiosis:AReview.AlternMedRev2004;9(2):180-197.exposuretopsychologicalstressresultsinasignificantreductionintheproductionofmucinandadecreasedpresenceofacidicmucopolysaccharidesonthemucosalsurface.应激/压力引起胃肠疾病P.C.KONTUREK,etal.,STRESSANDTHEGUT:PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,CLINICALCONSEQUENCES,DIAGNOSTICAPPROACHANDTREATMENTOPTIONS.JPHYSIO&PHARM2011,62,6,591-599.脑肠轴紊乱导致溃疡P.C.KONTUREK,etal.,STRESSANDTHEGUT:PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,CLINICALCONSEQUENCES,DIAGNOSTICAPPROACHANDTREATMENTOPTIONS.JPHYSIO&PHARM2011,62,6,591-599.应激导致IBDP.C.KONTUREK,etal.,STRESSANDTHEGUT:PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,CLINICALCONSEQUENCES,DIAGNOSTICAPPROACHANDTREATMENTOPTIONS.JPHYSIO&PHARM2011,62,6,591-599.应激导致IBSP.C.KONTUREK,etal.,STRESSANDTHEGUT:PATHOPHYSIOLOGY,CLINICALCONSEQUENCES,DIAGNOSTICAPPROACHANDTREATMENTOPTIONS.JPHYSIO&PHARM2011,62,6,591-599.慢性疲劳与肠-脑轴肠道菌群和自闭症•GIbarrierdefectsandmicrobiotaalterationsinthematernalimmuneactivation(MIA)mousemodelthatisknowntodisplayfeaturesofASD.•OraltreatmentofMIAoffspringwiththehumancommensalBacteroidesfragiliscorrectsgutpermeability,altersmicrobialcomposition,andamelioratesdefectsincommunicative,stereotypic,anxiety-likeandsensorimotorbehaviors.•autism,andlikelyotherbehavioralconditions,arepotentiallydiseasesinvolvingthegutthatultimatelyimpacttheimmune,metabolic,andnervoussystems,andthatmicrobiome-mediatedtherapiesmaybeasafeandeffectivetreatmentfortheseneurodevelopmentaldisorders.•thesefindingssupportagut-microbiome-brainconnectioninamousemodelofASDandidentifyapotentialprobiotictherapyforGIandparticularbehavioralsymptomsinhumanneurodevelopmentaldisorders.ElaineY.Hsiao,etal.,MicrobiotaModulateBehavioralandPhysiologicalAbnormalitiesAssociatedwithNeurodevelopmentalDisorders.Cell155,1451–1463,肠-脑轴和自闭症CarolineG.M.deTheije,etal.,Pathwaysunderlyingthegut-to-brainconnectioninautismspectrumdisordersasfuturetargetsfordiseasemanagement.EuropeanJournalofPharmacology668(2011)S70–S80肠-肝轴EamonnM.M.Quigley,GutBacteriainHealthandDisease.Gastro&HepatVol9,9,2013,P560-569.1998年马歇尔提出了“肠-肝轴”的概念•对肠道和肝脏功能关系的认识提示新的治疗理念,为肠道和肝脏疾病的治疗探寻新的治疗靶点。肠-肝轴之间的互动肠道菌群失调，大量G-杆菌繁殖,LPS产生显著增多肠粘膜屏障功能受损致病菌和LPS大量移位，经门静脉入肝，损害肝功能。肝功能异常KCs代谢和清除LPS降低，导致肠道功能异常GakuheiSon,etal.,ContributionofGutBacteriatoLiverPathobiology.GastroeResandPrac,Vol2010,ArticleID453563,13pages.肠肝对话肠道菌群致非酒精性脂肪肝ValentinaTremaroli&FredrikBäckhed,Functionalinteractionsbetweenthegutmicrobiotaandhostmetabolism.NATURE|VOL489|13SEPTEMBER2012肠道菌群导致脂肪肝CarmineFinelliandGiovanniTarantino,NONALCOHOLICFATTYLIVERDISEASE,DIETANDGUTMICROBIOTA.EXCLIJournal2014;13:461-490肝脏疾病和SIBO肠道菌群与代谢性疾病肠道菌群增加能量储存NathalieM.Delzenne&PatriceD.Cani,InteractionBetweenObesityandtheGutMicrobiota:RelevanceinNutrition.Annu.Rev.Nutr.2011.31:15–31.肠道菌群导致能量聚集PatriceDCaniandNathalieMDelzenne,Interplaybetweenobesityandassociatedmetabolicdisorders:newinsightsintothegutmicrobiota.CurrentOpinioninPharmacology2009,9:737–743.肠道菌群引发多种代谢疾病肠道菌群和肥胖肠道菌群和肥胖是一个新的热门话题肥胖的定义•肥胖病一般被定义作为有BMI30以上。体重将近900磅(约400公斤)的里基(RickyNaputi)现年39岁，是世界最重的男子之一。因为体型过于笨重而难以移动，他已经在坐落于太平洋关岛的家中躺了五年之久。肥胖和正常人AmandineEverard&PatriceD.Cani,Diabetes,obesityandgutmicrobiota.BestPractice&ResearchClinicalGastroenterology27(2013)73–83.