2012专四听力

DictationTalkSurvivalofEnglishLanguageⅠ.Introduction—(1)show(s)howEnglishsurvivedⅡ.Fiveperiodsofitssurvival1)410CEtothemid-8thcentury—(2)mercenariescomingandspreadingtheirlanguageamongtheBritons—centerof(3):YorkinNorthumbia2)Mid-8thcenturyto899—TheDanesreplacedtheAnglo-SaxonstoruleNorthumbia,butwere(4)byAlfredofWessex.—Alfred’s(5)enabledmostoftheexistinglawsandliteraryworkstobeinEnglish.3)959to1066—Englandwasdividedinto(6)andEnglishspeakingareas.—Canutebecamerulerofaunitedkingdom.—CenterwasmovedtoLondon.—EdwardsucceededCanuteandEnglishgavewayto(7)4)1080tothe17thcentury—WrittenEnglish(8)beforetheadventof“ProvisionofOxford”.—(9)Englishappearedinthe17thcentury.5)1837totoday—Englishwasusedwidelyasaresultof(10).对话11.[A]Illustrationofliesinmarriage.[B]Waystorecognizeliesinmarriage.[C]Classificationofliesinmarriage.[D]Adviceonasuccessfulmarriage.2.[A]Weintentionallydoso.[B]Noonetellsushowtoliveintruth.[C]Weareafraidtolosetheonewelove.[D]NoonepermitsustoknowCHITrealself.3.[A]Whatwe’regoodat.[B]Whatwe’rebadat.[C]Whatworksforusornot.[D]Whatagewearein.4.[A]Ithelpsfuturecouplesknowthemselvesbetter.[B]Ithelpspeoplerecognizeliesinmarriage.[C]Ithelpspeoplebuildagoodlifeandmarriage.[D]Ithelpsmarriedcouplessavetheirmarriage.5.[A]Disgusted.[B]Hateful.[C]Objective.[D]Subjective.ConversationTwo6.[A]Theyaretoobusyworking.[B]Theyaren’tawareoftheimportanceofsleep.[C]Theyhavesomehealthproblems.[D]Theydon’tthinksleepcaninfluencehealth.7.[A]Tosleepatanytimeinadayaslongasonewishes.[B]Tosleepatthetimewhenoneplanstosleep.[C]Tosleepataveryearlytimeatnight.[D]Tosleepataverylatetimeatnight.8.[A]Puttingsleepaheadofanyotherthings.[B]Preventinghavingcaffeineafterbreakfast.[C]Makingthebedroomcomfortable.[D]Preventingtakingalongnapintheday.9.[A]Aslongasyousleepnomorethananhour[B]Aslongasyousleeponeandhalfhours.[C]Aslongasyousleeptwohours.[D]Aslongasyousleeptwoandhalfhours.10.[A]Differentiationofproblemsleepers.[B]Advicefortheinsomniouspeople.[C]Necessityofhavingagoodsleep.[D]Differentsleephabitsofpeople.Eco-tourismNowadays，manyofustrytoliveinaway/thatwoulddamagetheenvironmentaslittleaspossible./Andwewanttotaketheseattitudesonholidaywithus./Thisiswhyalternativeformsoftourismarebecomingpopularintheworld./Mostpeopleagreethatthesenewformsoftourismshoulddothefollowing./First,theyshouldconservethewildlifeandcultureofthearea./Second,theyshouldbenefitthelocalpeople./Third，theyshouldmakeaprofitwithoutdestroyingnaturalresources,/andfinallytheyshouldprovideanexperiencethattouristswanttopayfor.SurvivaloftheEnglishLanguageGoodmorning.Deathisacommonfateofunwrittenlanguages.(1)ButwrittenrecordsofthelanguagesspokenontheislandofBritainshowushowtheEnglishlanguagebecamethelanguageoftheislandhowitsurvived.Wenowturntothosewrittenrecords.TherearefivecriticalperiodsinthesurvivaloftheEnglishlanguage.1)410CEtothemid-eighthcenturyEarlyinthefifthcentury,RomerecalleditslegionsandtoldtheBritonstodefendthemselves.(2)Rich,unprotected,andattackedfromallsides,KingVortigernontheEastcoastinvitedGermanicmercenaries:crossthechanneltodefendhimagainsthisenemieswithinandwithout.Thesemercenaries,mostlyAmiandSaxonclansofGermanicpeoples,calledtheirlanguage“englisc”(pronounced“anglish”).ThelanguageoftheGermanicmercenariesbecamethelanguageoftheconqueredarea.(3)Fromthesevenththroughthemid-eighthcenturiesYorkinNorthumbria,famedforitsschoolsandforitsliteraryproductionswasthecenteroftheEnglish-speakingworld.2)Mid-eighthcenturyto899Bythemid700’s,theAnglo-SaxonswereonthereceivingendofslaughterandruinedbyDanish(4)Eventually,AlfredforcedtheDanesback.DanishNorthumbriasubmittedtoAlfredin886.(5)DuetoAlfred’seducationprograms，mostoftheexistinglaws，poems,songsandstoriesweremWestSaxondialectofhisWessex.Alfreddiedin899.3)959to1066In959,KingEdgar,thegreat-grandsonofAlfred,ruledbothDanesandSaxonsinEngland.TheincompetentKingEthelredtheUnreadysucceededEdgar.HecouldnotcontroltheDanes.(6)MoreDanesinvaded;civilwarfollowed.Thissecondtime，violentbattlesendedinatie.TheDanishleader,Canute,andSaxonKing-elect,EdmundIronsides，dividedthecountryintoDanishandEnglishspeakingareas.Twoyearslater,Edmunddied；CanutebecameKingofallEnglandin1018.WithCanutethecenterofliteraryproductionmovedtoLondon.Englishremainedawrittenlanguage.WidowerCanuteweddedEmma,daughteroftheDukeofNormandy.ShewasthemotherofEdwhobecamekingafterCanute’sheirfromhismarriagetoEmmadied.(7)RaisedinNormandy,EdwardpreferredtheFrench.In1066,theFrench-speakingNormansconqueredEngland.NormanFrench,basedinLondon,becametheonlylanguageofliterature,law,andcourt.Thisthirdtime,Englishbecamethelanguageofthebrutallyoppressedilliterate.Thelanguageagainseemedheadingforextinction.4)1080tothe17thcentury(8)After1080,onlyafewwrittendocumentsinEnglishappeared:alastchronicleentryin1134;amanualforreligiouswomenfromaround1200.Duringthetwelfthandmostofthethirteenthcenturies,wehavenowrittenrecordsofEnglishlaws,poetry,songs,orstories.In1258thebilingualFrench-English“ProvisionsofOxford”,grantingsomerightstobarons,showedupasthefirstpublicdocumentinEnglishinmorethan200years.Inthefifteenthc