2016年高考专题 语篇型语法填空

专题四语篇型语法填空••感悟真题•(2014.新课标全国卷II)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout61_____(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,62_______someofthemlookedveryanxiousand63_______(disappoint).whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext64___thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike65_____(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused66______(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.beinganddisappointedtocaughttostop•Still,theboykept67_______(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“68___anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It‘s69_______(I)”.Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully,Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers70________(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.ridingDidmineSuddenly•命题规律•考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。•1.给出提示词的包括：词形的转换（名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换等）；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态，语态及词形的变化等。•2.不给出提示词的包括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词，连词，代词以及副词等。•突破方法•一.有提示词填空题的解题技巧•1.给出动词原形：当设空处给出动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态，被动语态形式或考查非谓语动词的用法。•做谓语：先分析句子结构,确定句中是否缺谓语，再确定动词的时态，语态，同时注意主谓一致•做谓非谓语：若句子已经有谓语动词，则所给的动词只能作状语，表语，定语或宾语，就需要进行词类转换，注意主动或被动，与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系。•⑴In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It_____（be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.（2）Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.（3）Ittookyearsofwork________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(4)Marywilleverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_______(wear)sunglasses.wasfoundtoreducewearing•谓语动词小结：•分析句子结构，根据语境确定谓语动词的时态和语态，如（1）和（2）•非谓语动词小结：作目的状语用不定式；作原因，时间，伴随状语用现在分词或过去分词；如（4）作主语或宾语用v-ing形式或不定式,如（3）•2.词类的转换•注意形容词与副词的转换，形容词的比较级或最高级；名词的单复数。•(5)Theriverwassopollutedthatit•_______(actual)caughtfireandburned.•6)The(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!•(7)Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturallyand_______(soft).actuallyhardersoftly•(8)“Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeouts,”Nicksaid.•(9)Theteacherreplied,”Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe______(sweet).”•(10)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofthe_______(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe___________(patience).reasonalsweeterchangespatient•词类的转换小结：•adj+n；系动词（be/turn等）+adj,如（8，10）•adv+v；adv+adj;adv+句子，如（5）•句型：“the+比较级，the+比较级”“越…，越…”•如（6）•and的前后保持时态，词性的一致；如（,9）•否定副词+比较级=最高级，如（8）•二.无提示词填空题的解题技巧•1.代词（不定代词，指示代词，it的用法，人称代词的主格和宾格，反身代词，名词性物主代词等）方法：分析句子结构，缺主语则填代词主格，不定代词或it，缺宾语则填宾格,不定代词或it;如果该宾语与主语是同一人或物，应用反身代词。（11).Jonny:Keepholdingyourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandletstayintheairforseconds.(12)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid_______wasawonderfulholidaydestination.itit•(13)Foranother,thenotelistsalltheinformationinoneplace.Itiseasytoreadagainandagain.Peopleoftenforgetallthedetailsthat______hearinatelephonecall.•小结：•分析句子结构，缺主语则填代词主格，不定代词或it，•缺宾语则填宾格不定代词或it;•如果该宾语与主语是同一人或物，应用反身代词。they•2.冠词，形容词性物主代词或作定语用的不定代词。•若设空后为名词，设空处为名词的定语，有无提示词，则应填冠词（a/an/the）或形容词性物主代词（my,your...）或可作定语用的不定代词(other，another，either，both等)(15)Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof____mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.(16)SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon_____topfloor.(17)Tosayitisonething,buttodoitis_______thing.thetheanother•3.介词•第一步：若设空后是名词，代词，动名词或what从句，且他们不做主语或宾语是，很可能是填介词，若设空前是动词且设空后为名词，动名词，设空处也可能填介词构成动词短语。•第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填入的介词。（18）Jonny:Itseemseasy,butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.•Peter:OK.Don'tlaughme.Imaylookfunny.•（19）Ididn’tunderstandhowthiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged______thereservation.•（20）Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsale____alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.atforat•4.并列连词或复合句•并列连词and,or;转折连词but；因果连词so等•复合句（包括定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句）的连词（21）Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays________evenafewmonths.（22）Peter:Unbelievable!Oh...,youdon'tmind,I'llstopandtakeadeepbreath.(23).Nick’sguests,hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysalemorecheaplyiftheycould.(24)IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointmentlaterthatday.Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme__thebusarrived.orifwhountil•5.特殊句式（强调句型，倒装句型，therebe句型，感叹句型，“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”，“notonly…butalso…”句型，“neither…nor…”句型，”either…or…”句型）•(27)SoNickcalledtohisson,”Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch______toolittle.”nor•三.语篇型语法填空题的解题步骤•1.通读全文，把握大意.•2.结合语境，试填空格.•3.重读全文，验证复查。•小试牛刀•阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(每个空格只填一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.Wecanseealotofpeoplesleepingonthebusortrainontheirwayhome1workintheevening.Amanwillbereadingthenewspaper,andsecondslateritappearsasifheistry