清华大学讲稿(低噪声放大器)

******1——200110******26******360.41248121840110900.112PLSCXKuKKaVWVHFUHFGHz******46•36GHz(8mm),94GHz(3.2mm)•22GHz(15mm),60GHz(5mm)1022366094110200.010.1110100dB/kmGHzH2OH2OO2O2******56*•DBS-DirectBroadcastSystemC4/6GHz,4GHz,6GHzKu12/15GHz12GHz15GHz•36GHz•16GHz19GHz•MMDS-MultichannelmicrowaveDistributionSystem2.4GHz•2.45GHz*•2.1GHz,8GHz,11GHz•6GHz,8GHz,11GHz,36GHz•1.5GHz,2.4GHz,2.6GHz******66*:CDMA0.4GHz,0.9GHz,1.9GHz,2.4GHz,5.8GHz0.13GHz,0.15GHz,0.28GHz,0.41GHz*P,L,S,CX,Ka1.7GHz,0.1375GHz36GHz,60GHz9.4GHzGPS-GlobalPositioningSystem1.57542GHzC/A,1.2276GHzP******76*36GHz,94GHz,125GHz*2.5GHz,5.8GHz,36GHz,LMDS27GHz*******8LLSSSSabinΓ−Γ+==Γ22211211111.sSsSSSaboutΓ−Γ+==Γ11211222221b1=S11a1+S12a2b2=S21a1+S22a2b1=S11a1+S12b2ΓLb2=S21a1+S22b2ΓL••••22112221122221)1)(1()1)(1(LLLTsSSSsSsSGΓΓ−Γ−Γ−Γ−Γ−=1ΓinΓoutΓ1ΓLACZsoZL0FETa1a2b2b1ΓsΓ2Zs1Zs2******9ΓinΓoutΓ1ΓLACZsoZL0FETa1a2b2b1ΓsΓ2Zs1Zs2GtTransducerGainMAGMaximumAvailableGainMSGMaximumStableGainGt:1,/2,S21,Γs,ΓL3,:Γs=Γin*ΓL=Γout*--MAG4,ΓL=0ΓL=0--Gt=|S21|2MAG******1062•GT=MAG•MAGMAG-2dB-4dB-8dB22112221122221)1)(1()1)(1(LLLTsSSSsSsSGΓΓ−Γ−Γ−Γ−Γ−=*insΓ=Γ*insΓ≠Γ******1163••BJTMAG——6dB/OctMAG——2~4dB/Oct——/——ΓS’S1‘1S2‘2Gff1f2MAGff1f2SWR'11'1111SSSWRin−+='22'2211SSSWRout−+=******1264••1.dB2.0~15.0≅αdB25~15≅β******1365V20V2V1V10ΓinΓa12VVa=ΓαβαβainVVVVΓ===Γ212010/8.0=Γa)9(=SWR1.1=VSWR)4.26048.0(dBin−==ΓdB15.0=α)035.1(=αdBina244.26812==ΓΓ=αβ******146R1R1R2aΓoutΓR2R1(dB)()()12345870436292221178.55.811.617.623.930.4*•50rα2=rαraoutαΓ=Γ25.0=Γ=Γraoutα)12(dB−5.0=Γa)6(dB−(6)******156111≥=ΓabinΓinΓLACRoR0FETS12S11LLSSSSabinΓ−Γ+==Γ22211211111.1•S12S12S21•******1662()inΓRe()inΓIm()LΓIm()LΓReinΓLΓLLSSSSinΓ−Γ+=Γ222112111.******1762222*22DSCR−=222221122DSSSP−=DSSC*11222−=21122211SSSSD−=••2211*11DSCR−=221121121DSSSP−=DSSC*22111−=******186f3f4f1f2•******1963-2dB-4dB-8dBΓs******2064••12121122222211≥+−−=SSDSSK2112222211221111SSSSSS−≤−≤2222*22DSCR−=222221122DSSSP−=1≥−PR12121122222211≥+−−SSDSS2112222221121SSDSSK+−−=RP******2165•K1•ACSa1b1a10ZZ0SΓinΓ110aa1110..ainsbsaΓΓ=Γ=11aainS⋅ΓΓ1ΓΓinS•******22ACSa1b1a10ZZ0SΓinΓ1ΓΓinS*50********2366••*K*|S21|*|S11|*|S22|*L|S21|,|S11||S22|KjXZsLλLtgjZjxsπ2=FET******246•KK1f1f2fL=0L1L2L2L1••K0.8******256******266BGKTNNSNSNFoutoutoutinin0//==ininNSoutoutNSSin,NinSout,Nout1•→→•/•NF(dB)=10LogNF******276Nin=KT0BKT0BGKTeBGNout=K(T0+Te)BGNF=Nout/(KT0BG)=1+Te/ToTe=To(NF-1)KToBNin=TeKTeBGKToBGGACZoZo2NF(dB)0.20.30.50.81.01.52.03.0Te(k)13.8120.9635.7559.2675.87120.9171.3291.6•******2863GT=Pa/PoPo--Pa--MAG(MaximumAvaiableGain)FETGa(Gainassociated)MAG1-3dBMSG(MaximumStableGain)ACACZoZoZoZoACZoZo******296(4)∆G(±dB)dB/MHz(5)SWRinSWRout(6)*(dB)=20Log|*|dBGdBfGHzGodG/dfG∆ACZoZoSWRinSWRout******3061BJT(FETBKTRebnb42=BQIiene22=QIcBinc22=)(22fBFQIien=f/1)/211(1minhhNF+++≈204.0=TbcffrIhPKTBgimnd42=RgCKTBimgsng)/(4222ω=TffCPRNF)1(21min2−+≈******316NFffB1fB2fF2fF16dB/Oct3dB/Oct3dB/OctBJTFETNFPoutdssdsII0.250.50.75BJTFETNFPoutBJTFET•fB10.1kHz•fB22GHz•fF10.1GHz•fF220GHz******3262*—*—*—ZΓsYsZun2in2minNFoptjeoptopϑΓ=ΓRn244BKTGUYiBKTGNFsnsns++=BKTGiuYuYisnnsnsn4)Re(21*222+++=jBsGsYs+=******336,——0=∂∂BsNF0=∂∂GsNFminNFminNF)(minYsfNF=jBoptGoptYopt+=2minYoptYsGsRnNFNF−+=2201minsoptsNNFΓ−Γ−Γ+=2014optRnGoptNΓ−=→******3463Ga—MAG—MAGFminGa-1dB-3dB2dB1dB1.5dB-2dBNoptPF+Γ=102min)1(111NFFNoptNNNrF−=Γ−++=******3564123PnL0PnoG1G2G3F3F2F1PnPnoNF=03210LGGGBKTPn=4321PPPPPno+++=32101GGBGKTP=321012)1(GGBGKTFP−=32023)1(GBGKTFP−=3034)1(BGKTFP−=dBdBFLGGFGFFLNF+=−+−+=)11(213121******3665123PnL0PnoG1G2G3Te1Te2Te332112GGBGKTPe=334BGKTPe=3223GBGKTPe=32101GGBGKTP=0000)1()1(TPPTFTnne−=−=)()1(213121000GGTGTTLTLeee+++−=32100321001GGGLBKTPPPPPPFnn+++==******376CAD******3861hwhwZgεeWHEh0=1r5~1.0/=hWreεε)8.0~5.0(=eZZgε0=egελλ0=Ω150~20******396Z=jXZZg04glλ4glλ=4glλll)2(ltgjZZggλπ=******406()Z=jXZ04glλ4glλ=4glλllZg)2(lctgjZZggλπ−=******416Z0Z0shZ0Z)2/sec(02θjZZ−=)2/(01θctgjZZ−=θctgjZZop0−=θtgjZZsh0=opZ1Z1Z2ZCLC2A)******426(B)lllelell∆******436(C)TTT******4461T2T1T2T0=(1.4~1.6)W******4563T3T1T1T2T3T1T3T1T1T2TET******466T1T2T3T4T4T2T3T1F******4764λ4λ4λ4λ00Z2/)(000ZZe−G******486HI******4964λ12JK******506LM******5164λ4λ4λ4λ4λ4λ0Z0Z0Z02Z02Z02Z0Z0Z0Z02Z20Z21232143NOLange******5263•------•f5GHz•******5361A•opΓ1l2l10=Y3YopΓ•0Y******5461l2l2l1l0Y3YopY10=Y3YopΓopΓ05171.0∠=Γop8.18.0jZop+=46.02.0jYop−=Γglλ118.01=opY213jY−=)2(j−glλ073.02=2jYin−=••3Y0Y•******5561ZopΓ0Y1Y1Z1YopΓL(B)••,••••C0517.0∠=Γop8.18.0jZop+=L1Z4.08.01jZ−=,2.24.08.1jjjLjs=+=ωnHLs37.4502.2=×=ω)4(GHzfs=48.011jY+=C48.0j,48.0jCjs=ωpFCs384.0'02.048.0=×=ω******566opZ'opZnZ2ZmZ1Z'mZ'nZ2θ1θ1θopZ'opZmZ'mZ2θ(C)•••50Z185.68.18.0jZop+=6.851=Z54.172=Z017.61=θ0298.58=θ05.1467.0)8.18.0(6.8550'jjZop+=+=******576••85.617.54••50017.61=θmZ22.022.0jZm−=08.108.1)22.022.0(54.176.85'jjZm−=−=0298.58=θ085.2jZn+=01)0852.2(5054.17'jjZn+=+=2θ1θ1θopZopZ1Z2Z'opZ'opZmZmZ'nZ2θ'mZ'mZnZ******586•f=3~8GHz•f=1~4GHz•f=5~18GHz******5962inΓ*2inΓ1outΓZθ2opopoutSSSSΓ−Γ+=Γ1121122211*222112*11*21Γ−Γ+=ΓLL