表语从句和宾语从句

表语从句引导表语从句的关联词1.连接词：that,whether,because,asif,asthough.2.连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whomever,whosever3.连接副词：when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however.Thequestionisthatheisalsoshortofmoney.ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.Theproblemiswhetherhewillagreetothesuggestionornot.Thatiswhysheleftherhometowninherteens.Thatiswherethebattletookplace.Thatishowtheysurvivedthewinter.Itlooks等后的表语从句Itseemedasifshedidn’thaveafriendintheworld.Itsoundstomeasifhedoesn’tknowwhattodo.Remain,seem,appear,sound,feel等连系动词Myquestionisthat…后的语气问题主句的主语是request,order,suggestion,advice,requirement等等时，其后的表语从句要用should型虚拟语气，should可省略。Myrequestisthathe(should)makelessnoise.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)appointRogeraschairmanofthecommittee.Myadviceisthatshe(should)notsayanythingtothepress.Itmaybebecausehe’snotinterestedinit.Thereasonwhy(that)hewasdismissedisthathewascarelessandirresponsible.Thereasonhedidnotcomeisthathewasill.宾语从句1.作动词的宾语2.作介词的宾语3.做形容词的宾语4.动词+it+that结构5.不可直接跟that从句的动词6.不可以that从句作直接宾语的动词7.that引导宾语从句时的省略8.Idon’tthinkheisright—否定主句还是否定从句1.作动词的宾语1).由that引导的宾语从句Iwish(that)shewouldunderstandme.JimsuggestedthatwegototheRockyMountainsduringthesummer.Heorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.2)由what,when,why,which,howmany,howmuch,who(m),whether(if)等引导的宾语从句Idon’tknowwhatshehasboughtforfather’sbirthday.Hewonderediftheletterwasmiscarried.Sheexplainedthatshecamelate.Sheexplainedwhyshecamelate.3).动词+间接宾语+宾语从句Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.Shepromised(us)thatshewouldgiveusmorehelplateron.Advise,ask,assure,inform,promise,question,remind,show,tell,warn,teach等等2.作介词的宾语Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.Hewasnotconsciousofwhatanimportantdiscoveryhehasmade.Iwascuriousastowhatwewoulddonext.Aboundarydisputeisaquarrelaboutwhereaboundaryisoroughttobe.Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.原因在于Thepaperwasperfectexceptthatthereweresomemisprints.除了……IwouldhavecometoseeyoubutthatIhadsomethingurgenttodothen.要不是……IshallgonotwithstandingthatIamlongdelayed.虽然……但是……3.做形容词的宾语IamafraidthatI’vemadeamistake.I’mdelightedthatyougetgoodgradesinschool.Wearenotsurewhetherwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.4.动词+it+that结构Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld.Hehasmadeitclearthathewon’tagreetotheplan.Ifounditstrangethathehasnotcomeyet.Ifounditstrangehehasnotcomeyet5.不可直接跟that从句的动词Ask,refuse,let,like,cause,force,condemn,admire,celebrate,entreat,dislike,loathe,overlook,love,help,take认为，forgive,behold,bid,hate,hear,see,want等等Heoverlookedthathehadmadeanothermistake.Heoverlookedthefactthathehadmadeanothermistake.Itakethatyoushouldrewritethepaper.Itakeitthatyoushouldrewritethepaper.Iadmirethattheywonthematch.Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.Isawthatshelefttheroom.×Isawherleavetheroom.看见Isawthatshewouldnotlendusmoney.觉得Isawthatthelightwasstilloninhisroom.发现Heheardthatbusinesswasontheupgrade.听说Shedoesnotlikethatthetwoboysplaytogether.Shedoesnotlikethetwoboystoplaytogether.Iwantthathecomesatonce.Iwanthimtocomeatonce.6.不可以that从句作直接宾语的动词Sheforgavehimthathehadbrokenhispromise.Sheforgavehimforbreakinghispromise.Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.HeadvisedthatIshoulddoit.‘Headvisedmetodoit.Don’tblamemethatIdidnotcomeontime.Don’tblamemefornotcomingontime.IenvyherthatshespeaksEnglishsowell.IenvyherspeakingEnglishsowell.Icongratulateyouthatyouhavesucceeded.Icongratulateyouuponyoursuccess.7.that引导宾语从句时的省略Agree,argue,hold,learn,maintain,observe,contend,conceive,reckon,remark,state,suggest,assume,announce,calculate,indicate等等，不省略Someeconomistsandhistoriansthink____isacloseconnectionbetweenwarandeconomicdepression.A.whenitB.thereC.thatitD.whatWehoped,incasethatthemothercouldnotbeback,thatthechildrenwouldstaywithusforthenight.Iwished(that)wecouldgosightseeinginHangzhouthissummerandthatwecouldbuysomebooksonourwaybackinShanghai.8.Idon’tthinkheisright—否定主句还是否定从句1).如果主句谓语动词表示的是“认为，相信，猜测，觉得”等概念时，否定词需要转移到主句谓语动词上，从句用肯定式。Idon’tbelievehetreatedthechildlikethat.Idon’tsupposeshelikesthebook.Hedidn’tfeelthathewashappyalthoughhelivedinarichfamily.Itdoesn’tlookliketheweatherwillclearup.Ineverthoughtshewouldbesovainandignorant.Icouldn’tbelievethathedesertedhiswife.2).下列场合中，从句中的谓语动词采用否定式：Think等前面有副词或者表示强调的do,does,did;Ireallyexpectshedidn’tsaythattohim.Idothinksheisnotanhonestperson.Think等词同其他词构成并列谓语；Ithinkandhopethathewon’tbedeceivedbytheman.Think等词不是以一般现在时出现；Heimaginedthatyouwouldn’tbegoingwithhim.Think,reckon等动词用作插入语时；Youwon’thaveanyobjection,Ireckon.注意事项1.时态必须一致。现在—可根据实际情况而定Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcome.过去—过去的时态Iknewwholivedhere.Ourpersonnelmanageraskedusifeverybodywashere.Hehassaidthathehasseenit.Hesaidthathehadseenit.2.语序的变化陈述句—语序不变Heisanhonestman.Isaidthathewasanhonestman.一般疑问句—变为陈述句语序，用if/Whether引导Doeshestudyhard?Iwonderif/whetherhestudieshard.Iwonder______hestudies