小微企业融资困境与模式创新研究

1小微企业融资困境与模式创新研究摘要小微企业作为我国重要的经济形式，在拉动经济增长和解决就业方面已发挥巨大的作用。近期国内经济下滑形势严峻，在投资停滞、出口下降、内需不振的情况下，全面发展小微企业不失为带动经济活力和充分就业的有效手段，但资金匮乏，融资困难却是制约其发展的重要瓶颈因素。笔者正是基于上述现实原因，在分析和总结小微企业融资现状和困难成因的基础上，提出了融资模式创新的思路和方式。本文的理论意义在于拓展了具有中国特色的小微企业融资理论，现实意义在于对小微企业自身、银行、政府等各利益主体该如何完善和发展小微企业融资体系提供了思路，其中重点对改进完善银行小微企业融资体系，创新小微企业银行融资模式进行了阐述分析，从而达到在当前有效缓解小微企业融资难题的目的。本文首先通过对融资渠道的介绍勾勒出小微企业融资现状，然后从四个方面深入剖析融资困难的原因，即：小微企业自身经营管理水平较低、银行对小微企业支持力度不够、担保机构体系不完善、政策扶持措施匮乏。针对以上问题，本文一一给出了对策建议，其中笔者结合自身工作经验，对如何打造面向小微企业的商业银行服务体系提出了自己独到的观点，并以两个融资实例对这种服务体系进行了详细的阐述。本文还选取了美国、意大利、日本、韩国的融资模式作为借鉴对象，为改善我国小微企业融资环境提供参考。本文的创新之处体现在通过改善银行融资服务体系以缓解小微企业融资困境。笔者从改变银行观念和融资方式入手，有效利用小微企业的“三品”、“三表”等特有要素建立差异化信用评价体系，并通过“三流”有效控制贷款风险，有效改善银企间信息不对称的问题，全面创新小微企业融资模式。同时通过对两个成功融资案例的深入剖析和总结，使得本文更具现实指导意义。本文的不足之处在于对担保体系和政府扶持方面的建议还停留在理论设想阶段，尚未对更为具体的做法和措施进行深入的分析和阐述。关键词：小微企业，融资困境，金融创新，模式构建2AbstractSmallandMicroenterprises(SME),asanimportantformofeconomic,hasplayedahugeroleinstimulatingeconomicgrowthandemployment.Declineindomesticeconomicsituationhasbeengrimrecently,thecomprehensivedevelopmentofSMEisaneffectivemannertodrivetheeconomicvitalityandfullemployment,inthecaseofstagnationininvestment,reduceinexportsandsluggishindomesticdemand,butthelackoffundsisthemostimportantfactorinrestrictingSME’sdevelopment.Basedontheabove-mentionedpracticalreasons,theauthorproposedinnovativeideastofinancingmodelsforSME.ThetheoreticalsignificanceofthisarticleliesindevelopingfinancingtheorywithChinesecharacteristics,andtherealitysignificanceisprovidingatrainofthoughtinhowtodevelopfinancingsystemforSME,bankandgovernment.Especially,thispaperfocusedontherefinementofbankfinancingsystemandinnovationthebankfinancingmode,soastoachievethepurposeofeffectivelyalleviatethefinancingproblems.Firstly,throughtheintroductionofthefinancingchannels,wesketchedoutSME’sfinancingstatusquo,thenanalyzedthereasonsfordifficultfinancingin-depthfromfouraspects,namely:SME’smanagementlevelislow,thebankshaven’tgiveenoughsupport,guaranteeinstitutionalsystemisimperfect,lackofpolicysupportmeasures.Tosolvetheaboveproblem,thispapergaveatrainofsuggestions.Inparticular,theauthor,basedontheirownexperience,putforwardtheirownuniqueperspectiveonhowtobuildtheservicesystemofcommercialbankingorientedSME,andparticularizedtwofinancinginstancesofthismodelindetail.Finally,weselectedfinancingmodelsintheUnitedStates,Italy,Japan,Koreaasareference.ToalleviatetheplightofSMEthroughimprovingbankfinancingservicesystemistheinnovationofthispaper.Theauthorused“three-quality”and“three-table”,whicharetheuniqueelementsofSME,toestablishdifferentiatedcreditevaluationsystem,andused“three-stream”tocontroltheloanrisks.Finally,weimprovetheproblemofasymmetricinformationbetweenbanksandenterpriseseffectively.Theinsufficiencyofthisarticleistheproposalstoguaranteesystemandgovernmentsupportstillremaininthetheoreticalstage,notyetin-depthanalysisofspecificpracticesandmeasures.Keywords:SME,Financingdifficulties,Financeinnovation,Modelestablishment3目录摘要.......................................................................1Abstract...................................................................2第一章导论...............................................................5第一节选题背景..........................................................5第二节国内外研究现状....................................................6第三节结构安排与创新....................................................9第二章小微企业的融资困境（提出问题）......................................11第一节小微企业的界定.......................................................................................................11一、小微企业的概念和界定标准.................................................................................11二、小微企业在经济中的作用.....................................................................................12第二节小微企业融资的主要渠道.......................................................................................13一、债权融资.................................................................................................................13二、股权融资.................................................................................................................15三、融资渠道比较.........................................................................................................16第三节小微企业融资现状...................................................................................................17一、自有资金匮乏.........................................................................................................18二、融资渠道不畅.........................................................................................................18第三章小微企业融资困境的原因分析（分析问题）...............................................................20第一节企业层面的原因.......................................................................................................20一、运营管理制度不完善.............................................................................................20二、人员素质低，财务管理不规范.............................................................................20三、缺少有效的抵押担保物.......................................................................................