江苏牛津版英语8B-Unit-5知识点整理

8BU5Goodmanners一.知识点归纳：1.politelyadv.礼貌地eg.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.polite----impoliteeg.Itisimpolitetolaughatothers.2.littern.垃圾（不可数）近义词rubbish（不可数）eg.Don’tdrolitter/rubbisheverywhere.Thereisapublicsignsaying“NoLittering”.3.runv.流动；跑；（车辆、机器）开动，运转run---ran---run----runningeg.Don’tleavethetap.Theboyawaywhenhesawhisfather.Themachineverywell.4.pickv.采摘pickflowersinthepark①pickout1.挑选出;拣出Letmepickoutsomegoodonesforyou.2.辨认出It'seasytopickhimoutinacrowdbecauseheisverytall.②pickup1.拾起Theboypickedupthehatfortheoldman.2.收拾Youshouldpickupthetoolsafterwork.3.学到;获得Hewaspickinguptheskillsquickly.4.与...偶然结识(常指与异性调情)WepickedupacoupleofgirlsatthepublastFriday.5.搭便车③pickoff摘掉;取走Youshouldnotpickoffanyoftheflowers.④pickat1.吃得很少Theboyisonlypickingathisfood.2.找...的岔;挑毛病Whyareyoualwayspickingatme?5.turnn.轮流①Itisone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事②taketurnstodosth.=dosth.inturn=dosthbyturns轮流做某事eg.Itisyourturntomakeadecision.Theytooktodothehousework.=Theydidthehouseworkturn/turns.6.properadj.恰当的英文释义：rightorcorrectproperlyadv.eg.Hecouldnotcomeupwithaanswer.Idon’tthinkhe’sdoinghisjob.7.shakesb’shands=shakehandswithsb.与某人握手shake-shook-shakeneg.Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,youcanshakehis/herhands.Peopleusuallyshakehandswitheachotherwhentheymeet.8.kissn.亲吻kissesv.亲吻kisssb.hello/goodbye吻别eg.Dotheygreetpeoplewithakiss?9.close.adj.亲密的closefriends靠近的becloseto=nearv.关闭closedadj.关着的反义词openeg.Hishouseistothefactory.Remembertohedoorwhenyouleave.Ifoundthedooratthattime.10.conversationn（非正式）交谈英文释义：asmalltalkconversation一般用词，指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。dialogue指“对话”。talk普通用词，可与conversation换用，指正式交谈。chat指熟人之间非常随便的交谈，强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。eg.Howdopeoplestartaconversation?11.avoidv.避免英文释义：trynottodosthavoiddoingsth/avoidstheg.Youshouldavoidsuchmistakes.Toavoidhittingthetruck,heranintothewallandhisarmwasbadlyhurt.12.subjectn.话题；主题；科目eg.Butpleaseavoidsubjectslikeage,weightormoney.MyfavouritesubjectisEnglish.[辨析]class,lesson,course①class一节课attendclass听课，上课inclass在课上eg.Wehavefourclassesinthemorning.②lesson教材中一课eg.Ihelpedherwithherlessons.LessonOneismoreimportant.③course一段时间内学完的完整课程eg.ThistermI’mtakingfivecourses.13.publicn.群体inpublicadj.公共的，公开的publicsignseg.Themuseumisopentothepubliceveryday.Don’tspeakloudlyinpublic.Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?14.pushv.推，挤英文释义：goinfrontofotherpeoplewhoarewaitingpushpastsb.从某人身边挤过去[拓展]①pushon继续前进Thepathwasbarelyvisible,butwepushedon.②pushin插队cutin（onsb/sth）插嘴Don'tcutinonyourmotherwhensheisspeaking.Don'tcutinonotherpeople'sconversation③pushoff出发Theteampushedoffbeforedawn.④pushalong=pushahead[forward/on]奋力前进;抓紧进行15.inone’s/theway挡某人路eg.Youwillhavetomove–youareinmyway.[拓展]①ina/someway在某种程度上②bytheway顺便说一句Bytheway,howareyourgrandparents?③makeone’sway让路④onthewayto……去某地(onthewayhome；onthewaytoschool)16.touchv.触摸，感动n.触摸①keepintouch保持联系②intouchwith与…联系③outoftouch不了解某事eg.Pleasedon’ttouchanythingintheroom.Thestoryoftheuglymanreallytouchedme.17.excuse.v.原谅excuseme劳驾n.借口(可数)问路Excuseme,whereistheshop?客气地请求允许Excuseme,mayIaskyouaquestion?客气地纠正别人的话Excuseme,itisabird.打扰他人Excuseme,I’dlikeyoutomovealittle.eg.Hemadeagoodexcuseforbeinglateforschool.18.loudlyadv.大声地Britishpeopledon’tliketoshoutorlaughloudly.19.tillconj.到…时，直到…为止=until（位于句首，只能用until）prep.到…时肯定句：动作持续到…否定句(not…until/till)：直到…才eg.ShewatchedTVuntil/tillhermothercameback.她一直在看电视，直到她母亲回来。（看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束。）Shedidn'twatchTVuntil/tillhermothercameback.直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。（看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生。）UntilIfinishedmyhomework,Motherdidn'tletmeout.20.aswell(as)也；还有eg.Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?Mybrotherlikesplayingfootball.=Mybrotherlikesplayingfootball.=Mybrotherlikesplayingfootball,.否定句Mybrotherdoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.aswellas也；和…一样好eg.Yourwifeaswellasyouisfriendlytome.(就远原则)Thebossprovidedlunchbreakfast.Heplaystheguitaraswellasyou.（同级比较，和…一样好）21.asconj.正如；当…时候；因为eg.Asyouknow,Julieisleavingsoon.AsIwascominghere,Imetyourbrother.Asitwasraining,Istayedathome.[拓展]①as…as像②thesame…as和…一样③assoonaspossible尽快地④asif/though好像⑤suchas比如22.byaccident/chance偶然hitsb./sthbyaccident23.discussionn.讨论discussv.讨论①haveadiscussionwithsb.和某人讨论②discusssthwithsb和某人讨论某事eg.Shedidn’tjointhe.Theyaretheproblemwiththeteachers.24.expressv.表达expressionn.表达①beyondexpression无法形容②expressoneself表明态度eg.Hedidn’texpresshimselfclearly.25.explainv.解释explanationn.explain(sth)tosb像某人解释某事explain+从句eg.Idon’twanttoexplainanything.MrWuispatientenoughtoexplainthingstous.Heexplainedhowthemachinewasused.26.keepsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事keepsbdoing让某人一直做某事keepsb/sthadj.使…保持状态keepsbfromsth保护，使免受keepquiet/silenteg.keepussafefromdangerIkeepthewindowopenbecauseitistoohot.Myfatherkeepsmestayingathome.Tomtriedtokeephimselffromsleeping.27.bebusywithsth忙于做某事Heisbusywithhisworkdayandnight.bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事Millieisbusy(in)writinganemail.28.warnv.警告①warnsb(not)todosth警告某人不要做某事②warnsbof/aboutsth警告某人某事eg.Thepoliceusgooutaloneatnight.Ihim/thedanger.29.parkingn.停车Thereisapublicsignsaying“No”.30.successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功succeedv.成功succeedindoingsth31.sometimeadv.在某个时候attimes有时sometime某段时间allthetime始终sometimes=attimes=fromtimeto