英语语法主语

subjectGrammarReviewthesubject主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所诉说的主体。它的位置一般在句首。可以用做主语的有单词、短语、从句,甚至句子。1.名词作主语。Atreehasfallenacrossthestreet.Theambulanceisarriving.2.代词作主语。Youareamiddleschoolstudent.Helentmehisnewbike.Theyliveonabusymainroad.______mustbeverynoisy.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.TheyBWewrotealetterofthanksto_____hadhelpedus.A.whoB.whoseC.whomeverD.whoeverD3.数词作主语。Threeisenough.Twofromfiveleavesthree.Fiveintothirtyequalssix.＋and/plus－minus×times÷dividedby=is/equals/makesPs:在加乘中可用单数或复数，在减除中只可用单数4.不定式作主语。Tofindthetruthisverydifficult.It’sverydifficulttofindthetruth.5.动名词作主语。Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Seeingisbelieving.（眼见为实。）6.名词化的形容词作主语。Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Theoldandtheyoungwalkedsidebyside.theblind瞎子thedeaf聋子thedead死者theliving活着的人7.名词化的过去分词作主语。Thedisabledarebeingcarefullytakencareof.thedisabled残疾人thewounded伤者8.介词短语作主语。ToBeijingisnotveryfar.9.从句作主语。Wheneveryoucomewillbefine.10.引语作主语。“Howdoyoudo?”isagreetingwhenpeoplemeetforthefirsttime.Exercise:1.UnderlinetheSubjectineachofthefollowingsentencesandthentranslatethesentenceintoChinese.TellwhatisusedasSubject(anoun,anadjective,etc).EXAMPLE:Greatthinkershaveusedcreativityandimaginationtochangetheworld.(noun)伟大的思想家运用创造力和想象力改变世界。（名词）2.Thewoundedtakenfromthefrontneedimmediatetreatmentinthefieldhospital.3.Tomasteraforeignlanguagecallsforagreatdealofmemorywork.从前线送来的伤员需要在战地医院迅速接受治疗。掌握一门外语需要大量的记忆。adjective形容词infinitive不定式1.Self-cofidenceisthekeytosuccess.自信是成功的关键。noun名词6.2012istheyearwhenthe30thOlympicGameswillbeheldinLondon.第30届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。5.WhetherJennywillpasstheinterviewdependsonherconfidenceinherself.詹妮是否能通过面试取决于她有没有信心。4.Takingexerciseearlyinthemorninghasbecomepartofherretiredlife.早晨进行体育锻炼成为她退休生活的一部分。sentencenumbergerund动名词3．WhilewatchingTV,_______.A.theboycameinB.mymotherwascookingC.IheardaterriblenoiseD.thedoorbellrang4.Thereare73studentsinourclass.Someareboys.aregirls.A.TheotherB.TheothersC.AnotherD.Other•5．YouandIofthesameage.A.amB.areC.beD.is•6.There_____onlyanothertwomilestogo.（时间距离长度重量作整体看）•A.isB.areC.hasD.have1.名词用作主语。如：Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleftinthewronghands.(湖南2015)名词作主语，主要考查主谓一致1)Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,______visitBeijingtomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto当主语后面有aswellas,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except,beside等时，谓语动词不受这些词或短语的影响，仍与主语保持一致。此题的谓语动词应与Dr.Smith保持一致，故排除选项B、D；。2)ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities______risingsteadilysince1997.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeenthenumberof意为“……的数目”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故排除选项B、D；再根据since1997可排除选项A。anumberof意为“许多；若干”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。3)—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea______invited.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was由and连接的两个并列的名词被each，every，no，manya等修饰并且作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。故此题排除选项A、B，再根据lastnight可排除选项C。4)Apoetandartist______comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were由and连接的两个名词作主语，并且表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数，故此题排除选项B、D；再根据tomorrowafternoon可排除选项C。若and连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人、物或概念时，谓语动词用复数。3.从句用作主语。谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Howweunderstandthings____alottodowithwhatwefeel.(北京2015)has下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。主语从句常见错误3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。remain8._____wasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.9.____________________theywillhavethesportsmeetisstillaquestion.10.Itdoesn’tmatter______shelookslike.WhoWhen/Where/Whetherwhat谓语predicate说明主语的动作，状态或特征。指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”.动词在句子中作谓语,一般放在主语之后.1.Thenewterm__________(开始)onthefirstofSeptember.2.Herfather__________(是)ataxidriver.3.She__________(似乎)tiredandthirsty.4.MissLin_________(给…看)meherEnglishnotebook.beginsisseemsshowed谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类一.简单谓语由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语,就是简单谓语.不管这些谓语动词是什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语.例如:1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear.我们每年春天都种许多树.2.Theplanetookoffatseveno'clock.飞机已在7点起飞.复合谓语由两部分构成,其有不同的情况:1.由情态动词/助动词加一个不带to的不定式构成：1)Thesestudentsshallvisitthemuseumtomorrow.2)Whatdoesthiswordmean?3)Iwon’tdoitagain.4)I’llgoandmoveawaythebagofricewithLinTao.5)You’dbettercatchabus.二.复合谓语2.由个别情态动词和一个带to的动词不定式构成:1YououghttobeginwithEnglish900.你应从英语900句开始学.2Theyusedtorespecttheoldprofessorverymuch.他们过去非常尊敬这位老教授.(usedto/haveto/oughtto…)3.许多带复合宾语的句子在变成被动结构后,也包含了一个复合谓语。Jackwasseentoswimacrosstheriver.有人看到杰克游过河了.(toswim做补语）Jackwasseenswimmingacrosstheriver.Peterwasfoundcheatingintheexam.Theoldmanwasfounddeadinbed/inhospital.4.由连系动词加表语构成:Theweatherhasturnedcold.Youlookthesame.Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysgetlonger.Keepquietandlistentome.Helookedworried.IsBillin?比尔在吗？Schoolisover.Let’sgohome.Mypenisinmybag.Ifelttiredallthetime.Heseemedrathertiredlastnight.5.由情态动词和连系动词加表语构成Hemustbewrong.他一定是搞错了.Wehavetobeupearlyinthemorning.我们必须在早上早起。选出下列句中谓语的中心词1.Idon’tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don’tB.likeC.pic