John Keats 英国诗人济慈PPT

JohnKeats(1795-1821)•1.LifeandCareer–BorninLondon,thesonofalivery-stableowner–EducatedattheClarke’sSchoolwherehisfirstinclinationtowardpoetrywasinitiated–Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasnineandhismotherdiedwhenhewasfifteen.–ApprenticedtoasurgeonandapothecaryandstudiedmedicineatGuy’sHospitalinLondonJohnKeats–Becamealicensedapothecaryin1816,butturnedtodevotehimselftopoetry–Publishedhisfirstimportantpoem“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”in1816inHunt’spaper,theExaminer–ThereviewersofBlackwood’sMagazine,theQuarterlyReviewandtheBritishCriticlaunchedsavageattacksonKeats,declaringEndymiontobesheernonsense,recommendingthatKeatsgiveuppoetryandgobacktothechemist’sJohnKeats–Griefsandtroublescrowdedinuponhim:•hisdearlylovedbrother,Tom,died;•hewasintroubleaboutmoney;•hebecameillwithtuberculosis;•hefellinlovebutcouldnotmarrytheonehelovedduetohispovertyandpoorhealth.–Itwasthisyearningandsufferingthatquickenedhismaturityandaddedanewdimensiontohispoetry.–From1818to1820,Keatsreachedthesummitofhispoeticcreation.–Thethirdandbestofhisvolumesofpoetry,Lamia,Isabella,TheEveofSt.Agnes,andOtherPoems,waspublishedin1820.–KeatswenttoRometoseekawarmclimateforthewinterinthefallof1820–HediedthereonFebruary23,1821,andwasburiedintheProtestantcemetery.Keats’sgraveinRome•2.PointsofView–Keatsisamoderateradical,hasgreatsympathyforthepoor.–Hebelievesthatpoetryisareleasefrommisery,avehicletoparadise.–Themissionofpoetryistoworkforthewelfareofthepeople.–Themessagecarriedinhispoetryisthelastingpowerofbeautyanditsunionwithtruth.•3.MajorWorks–“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”(1816)–Endymion(1817)–Lamia,Isabella,TheEveofSt.Agnes,andOtherPoems(1820)–TheFallofHyperionOdes•OdeonIndolence•OdetoPsyche•OdetoaNightingale•OdeonaGrecianUrn•OdeonMelancholy•ToAutumn•4.SpecialFeatures–ThemythicworldoftheancientGreeceandtheEnglishpoetryoftheRenaissanceperiodprovideKeatswiththemostimportantimaginativeresources.–Hisrealizationoftheempathicpoweroftheimaginationisofthegreatestconsequencetohisworkandisafacultywhichleadshimtohismostprofoundinsights.–Hispoetryischaracterizedby:•exactandcloselyknitconstruction,•sensualdescriptions,and•theforceofimagination,–Hispoetrygivestranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworld.•5.“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”–KeatswassomovedbythepowerandalivenessofChapman'stranslationofHomerthathewrotethissonnet--afterspendingallnightreadingHomerwithafriend.–ThepoemexpressestheintensityofKeats'sexperience;italsorevealshowpassionatelyhecaredaboutpoetry.Homer–AsaPetrarchanorItaliansonnet,OnFirstLookingintoChapman'sHomerfallsintotwoparts—anoctet(eightlines)andasestet(sixlines).TheoctetdescribesKeats'sreadingexperiencebeforereadingChapman'stranslationandthesestetcontrastshisexperienceofreadingit.“OdetoaNightingale”Nightingale•6.“OdetoaNightingale”–Stanza1beginswiththepoet'sexpressionofafeelingofdullness.Thepoetfeelsasifdruggedbythefull-throatedeastofthebird'ssong.–Instanza2,thepoetcallsforadrinkofwine,creatingimagesofthewarmsouthofFrance,wherewinesaremade.Hegivesadetaileddescriptionofhowthewinelooksasonedrinksit.Wine,hesays,mightallowhimtoescapefromtheworldintothedimforestrealmofthenightingale.–Stanza3describestheworldfromwhichKeatlongstoescape,aworldfullofsicknessandsorrow.Healludestohisbrother’sdeath:youthgrowspale,andspectra-thin,anddies.–Stanza4beginswiththecryAway!KeatsrejectswineandpreferstotravelbymeansoftheimaginationonthewingsofPoesy.Heimaginesthatheisalreadywiththenightingaleinthedarksky.–Instanza5,thepoet,inembalmeddarkness,letshisimaginationtellwhatflowerssurroundhim.Hefeelsisolatedfromthegriefoftheworld.–Instanza6,thefeelingofbeingembalmedbecomesawishfordeath.Thepoethaslongedfordeathbefore.Thisseemstobetheperfectmomenttodie,whilethenightingaleissinging.But,havingreachedthispoint,thepoetrealizesthat,oncedead,hecouldnolongerhearthebird'ssong.Hewouldbemerelyasod,aclumpofearthwithoutfeelings.–Instanza7,Keatsturnsbacktotheideaoflife.Thenightingaleseemstoliveeternallybecauseitssongisthesamenowasitwasinancientdays.PerhapsthebiblicalRuth,forexample,heardthenightingale'ssongasshegatheredgraininthefields.–Instanza8,asthenightingale'ssongfadesinthedistance,Keatsagainbecomesawareofhisownsituation.Theimaginativeescapeisover,heevaluateswhathashappened,asking,Wasitavision,orawakingdream?–Theodere-enactstheemotionalexperienceofaflightofimagination.Thepoetlongedforescape,rejectingdrugsandwineinfavorofthecombinedeffectofthenightingale'ssongandhisownimagination.Hereachedapointoflongingforoblivionandthenturnedback.Heendsbyponderingthenatureofhisownflight.–AmajorconcerninOdetoaNightingaleisKeats'sperceptionoftheconflictednatureofhumanlife,i.e.,theinterconnectionormixtureofpain/joy,intensityoffeeling/numbnessoffeeling,life/death,mortal/immortal,theactual/theideal,andseparation/connection.–Keatsdescribesanout-of-bodyexperience,oranear-deathexperience.–AtypicalOBEbeginswhensensoryinputisdisrupted,sometimesbydrugs.Themindthenfeelsitselffloatupwardsoutofthebodytoaheightthathasbeentermedbird's-eyeortree-high.–Experiencingitselfbeingdividedintotwo,orhavingadissociateddo